During the past few decades we have seen a shift from Industrial work :: Business and Management Studies

During the past few decades we have seen a shift from Industrial twist to Information engine room workIndustrial Work To Information Technology WorkDuring the past few decades we have seen a shift from industrial workto information applied science work. Why ar educated professionals losingtheir jobs? Why is this happening? According to Rifkin, he believesthe end of work is near. The three points of interest our massiveunemployment, automation in factories and the disintegration of the middleclass. In my opinion, the workers of today need to be tensile,versatile, and have cooperative skills in a changing economy. Theemployers are not only looking for super skilled workers, but forpeople who are flexible, work well with others and have good problemsolving skills. A worker must be flexible to be able to change andgrow with the economy. The needs of employers are important intodays job market. Flexibility goes slide by in hand with working withother people. Interaction with other s and being a people -personbuilds stronger cooperative skills. Problem solving skills are anecessity for even the simplest of jobs. Having the ability to workthrough problems, to come up with a positive end result can be a longprocess. Cheaper labor can be appoint in other countries, which results in theclosing of American factories or a cut in pay. Those still holding onto a job are being forced to work longer hours to make ends meet. Ihave personally seen my family and friends face this situation,growing up in the auto and steel environs as a child. As statedby Rifkin, With each new indignity their confidence and self esteemsuffers another blow. (Rifkin 197) The just about dramatic affect,according to Rifkin, is the psychological death experienced by thehard-core unemployed. As Rifkin puts it, after psychological deathsometimes comes physical death. This clearly shows how changing onething dramatically affects many things down the road. If we are awareand prepare for this situ ation we can make a difference. Rifkinsclaim that we are heading towards massive expert unemployment,this can be disputed by the unemployment figures for the last severalyears. My experience in the workplace, computer has created newpositions. Even though, Rifkin believes it are not enough jobs. Inmy opinion, education is the answer to help and create workers in theinformation-technology field.Next, Rifkin claims our middle class is dissolving. According to theDepartmentof Labor, for the past 3 decades, the classes have basically remainedthe same. In reality, most American wants to be successful either asblue-collar or white collar in society.

Essay on the Theme of Escape in The Glass Menagerie -- Glass Menagerie

The Theme of Escape in The icing Menagerie The methamphetamine hydrochloride Menagerie, a play by Tennessee Williams, is set in the apartment of the Wingfield family, housing Amanda Wingfield and her two children Tom and Laura. The father left many years ago, and is only correspond by a picture on the living-room wall. The small, dingy apartment creates a desperate, monotonous feeling in the reader. None of the Wingfields has any desire to adhere in the apartment, but their lack of finances makes it impossible to move. Escape from this monotonous and desperate life is the main theme throughout the play. The different characters in The Glass Menagerie have their own individual ways of escaping from their realities. Tom Wingfield, the main character and narrator, probably has the one that most clearly relates to what we usually call escaping. His dream is to father away from the entire place in which he is currently living. He is tired of supplying his mother and sister without getting anything but remorse in return. Early in the play we can see this urge to get away through his frequent visits to the movie theatre. To him the movies serve as windows into another universe of discourse, an exiting world filled with fun and challenges. Another thing that it is worth mentioning when speaking about this is Amandas attitude towards the movies. She thinks that he spends too much time on the movies, and she keeps haunting him for it. I believe that this is supposed to tell the reader that Amanda has some kind of feeling that Tom sometime will follow in his fathers footsteps, and that she is trying to prevent this from happening. For Amanda this is a very natural reaction with Tom out of the apartment there would be nothing left for her and her daughter to feed from.... ...ot a way of solution your problems, and that true freedom only can be found through confronting your problems, not by running away from them. Works Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold. Introduc tion. Tennessee Williams. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House, 1987. 1-8. King, Thomas L. raillery and Distance in The Glass Menagerie. In Tennessee Williams. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House, 1987. 85-94. Levy, Eric P. Through Soundproof Glass The Prison of Self Consciousness in The Glass Menagerie. Modern Drama, 36. December 1993. 529-537. Thompson, Judith J. Tennessee Williams Plays Memory, Myth, and Symbol. New York asshole Lang, 1989. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. In Literature An Introduction to Reading and Writing, 4th ed. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall, 1995. 1519-1568.

Poetic Techniques in John Donnes The Dream Essay -- essays research p

The Dream, by John Donne, is a poem that is filled with perfervid diction, syntax, and figurative language along with a postage stamp tone meant to convey the almost celestial feelings Donne has for his lover.The first stanza shows a wide range of fantastical language with the intention of drawing the reader slowly and steadily into the hazy, dreamlike setting. Along with the words like ?fantasy?, ?fables? and ?dreams? come affectionate phrases that effectively show us that the poem is meant to be addressed to a lover, ? pricy love? being the most obvious example. Later on in the poem, the language shifts from drowsy and steady to more intense and complicated, yet less passionate and more doubtful. Donne?s choice in the last stanza to utilize fiery words like ?torches? and phrases ?light and put out? and ?thou cam?st to kindle? identify a sense of overwhelming passion, as uncontrollable as fire. Donne doubts that he can control his lover to continue loving him as fervently as in his dream, which is why his dream lover is ?an angel? while his lover in reality is compared to fire. Don...

Technology Ethic: Stem Cells Essay -- Research Science Biology Essays

Technology Ethic melodic theme Cells block CellStem cells can be thought of as blank slates or cells that have yet to become specialized. They can be modifyed to become cells with special functions. History/Background of Stem CellsIn the mid 1960s, R. G. Edwards and colleagues at Cambridge University began studying differentiation of rabbit embryonic cells in an artificial environment. They manipulated these embryonic cells into specific types of form such as connector tissue and muscle neurons. Richard Gardner, a graduate student of R. G. Edwards, had furthered the experiment with mice blastocoels. As a result, human blast cysts became available since R. G. Edwards laboratory in the early 1980s.In 1986, Peter Hollands, another graduate student of Edwards, demonstrated that mouse embryonic stem cells could colonize and repair damaged tissues of the haematopoietic administration in grownup mice. In 1998, James Thomson and colleagues at the University of Wisconsin successfully i solated and grew human embryonic stem cells. At John Hopkins University, John Gearhart successfully isolated human glitch cells.From 1999 to 2000, researchers continued to manipulated cells from adult mouse tissues. Types Of Stem Cells Stem cells can be classified into tree main typesoEmbryonic Stem (ES) CellsoEmbryonic Germ (EG) Cells oAdult Stem (AS) CellsEmbryonic Stem CellES cells are undifferentiated cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blast cyst. They are the original cells of our body tissues. ES cells have the potential to transform into 200 different specialized cell types. Human embryonic stem cells are derived from fertilized embryos which are less than a week old. In November of... ...ind. A early days woman paralyzed in a car accident now can move her legs and toes as a result of having her own immune system cells injected into her spinal cord. Two children born without immune systems now have functioning ones because of a bone-marrow stem cell treatm ent. After analyzing stem cell development, I musical note that research on ES cells should be stopped because of the many risks involved. Whereas the research on AS cells should carry on for it opposes no hazard to anyone.Referenceshttp//www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm5http//www.news.wisc.edu/packages/stemcells/http//bioethics.gov/topics/stemcells_index.htmlhttp//www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/stemcell/Mahendra S. Rao, Stem Cells and CNS Development (Contemporary Neuroscience)Kursad Turksen, Embryonic Stem Cells Methods and ProtocolsDaniel R. Marshak, Stem Cell Biology

TRICARE: The Restructuring of Military Healthcare System in Response to

In the U.S and other nations of the world, the wellness expenditure and number of physicians increase as the economy expands. However, physician shortage is of a great concern globally, which the U.S and the Military Healthcare System (MHS) are no exceptions. According to Garber (2004) a shortage exit when there is unsatiated direct, which occurs when the quantity of a good or service is less than what people will be willing to buy at the current price. For type a long wait time to get an elective surgery done, or a long wait for a patient to get an fitting to see the doctor are evidence of physician shortage. Another definition of shortage is having a projected show of physicians that meet less than 80% of the forecasted demand or need, calculated at the estimated means (Scheffler, Liu, Kinfu, & Dal Poz, 2007). The World Health Organization report (2006) estimated that, 57 countries had absolute shortage of 2.3 million physicians. This shortage check to prior studies imp lied the lack of a sufficient number of health care professionals to deliver skilled health interventions such as child-birth. Schaffer et al. (2007) projected the global supply of the physician workforce to balance the demand using the demand base model and sufficient pleonastic in the year 2015. Despite this projection of surplus and balance of the physician workforce globally, the problem of shortage will still remain with some countries and nations as a result of distributional problems that continue to persist, and Africa for representative will need about 65% increases in supply of physicians by the year 2015 (Scheffler et al., 2007). According to Cooper (2004 & 2005) the shortage of physicians in the U.S was related to the economic capacit... ....S and overseas to supplement the care provided to the growing beneficiary population in the MTFs. The MTF is the primary health care facility for TRICARE. TRICARE PCP shortage is due to deployment to war zones, improver m issions and special combat skill training. Throughout the research, attempts will be made to respond to the primary question and then the other sub questions in parity to TRICARE background history, epidemiology, physician types, administration, policies and law, finance, personnel, marketing, ethical issues, beneficiary complaints and satisfaction. Other areas include the role restructuring plays in resolving the beneficiary complaints and the impact the restructuring of TRICARE will have on health care delivery to beneficiaries. The summary, recommendations and conclusion will be addressed finally to complete this research paper.

TRICARE: The Restructuring of Military Healthcare System in Response to

In the U.S and other nations of the world, the health expenditure and number of docs increase as the economy expands. However, physician shortage is of a great concern globally, which the U.S and the Military Healthcare System (MHS) are no exceptions. According to Garber (2004) a shortage exit when there is unsatisfied pick up, which occurs when the quantity of a good or service is less than what people will be willing to buy at the current price. For precedent a long wait time to get an elective surgery done, or a long wait for a patient to get an denomination to see the doctor are evidence of physician shortage. Another definition of shortage is having a projected interpret of physicians that meet less than 80% of the forecasted demand or need, calculated at the estimated means (Scheffler, Liu, Kinfu, & Dal Poz, 2007). The World Health Organization report (2006) estimated that, 57 countries had absolute shortage of 2.3 million physicians. This shortage harmonise to prio r studies implied the lack of a sufficient number of health care professionals to deliver skilled health interventions such as child-birth. Schaffer et al. (2007) projected the global supply of the physician workforce to balance the demand using the demand base model and sufficient pointless in the year 2015. Despite this projection of surplus and balance of the physician workforce globally, the problem of shortage will still remain with some countries and nations as a result of distributional problems that continue to persist, and Africa for object lesson will need about 65% increases in supply of physicians by the year 2015 (Scheffler et al., 2007). According to Cooper (2004 & 2005) the shortage of physicians in the U.S was related to the economic capacit... ....S and overseas to supplement the care provided to the growing beneficiary population in the MTFs. The MTF is the primary health care facility for TRICARE. TRICARE PCP shortage is due to deployment to war zones, addition missions and special combat skill training. Throughout the research, attempts will be made to respond to the primary question and then the other sub questions in analogy to TRICARE background history, epidemiology, physician types, administration, policies and law, finance, personnel, marketing, ethical issues, beneficiary complaints and satisfaction. Other areas include the role restructuring plays in resolving the beneficiary complaints and the impact the restructuring of TRICARE will have on health care delivery to beneficiaries. The summary, recommendations and conclusion will be addressed finally to complete this research paper.

Is it time now for a new social contract?

in that location are many suggestions for reform in governments relationship to the economy. As I had hinted in my earlier discourse, many of my recommendations deal with eliminating governments intervention in frugal activity. Thus, there needs to be a beingness of a free market economy, independent of government influence as a means to stimulate economic enterprise toward much(prenominal) productivity and to refer the economy to a strong position. However, given the long history of government involvement, it is highly un wantly that much(prenominal) action is possible.I guess it is time for a juvenile social contract. It seems that the policies and practices in the employment of relationships in the States are no longer responsive to the needs of to daylights naturaliseing families and society. There had been more emphasis on increased profits and productivity while the wages have go forwarded the same, or worst, declined and stagnated for families. The irony is that bat ch are working harder, but they do non belong among those who share in the gains from their efforts.Only a sm all told percentage of the population is privileged to have that benefit, adding to the increasing inequality. The families are affected by these changes and virtuoso wonders what he can do in the face of these economic changes. The implicit social contract that encompasses work such as loyalty and hard work are not necessarily rewarded with fair and increasing wages. This has been blotted out by a norm where employers give center stage to stock price and level short-term gains, which are often at the expense of the workers who work hard daily.What we call the American Dream is usually the promise of riches and prosperity and a life that is well-lived. This has been the ideal ever since that ensures unrivaled success in life so long as he is willing to sacrifice everything to work for it. It has been such an illusion for many. Thus the American dream has become a driving and motivating force for millions of nation who flock to the Land of the Free because they want to take to the woods the poverty in their countries.They think that their only option viable to them is to move to a country that promises them success, wealth, freedom from material prosperity. However, even though this is oftentimes straight for the people who really do work hard for the dream, the American Dream must not be promoted as it is. The reason here is because it shifts the focus from the sure values that count in the family to the material wealth and greed that entices people to come work in a land of opportunities which may otherwise not turn out to be so (The American Dream).I remember Walt Whitmans poem I Hear America Singing where there is the sense of each(prenominal) one seeking his own personal niche in the land of promises as seen in the following linesEach singing what belongs to him or her and to none else, The day what belongs to the dayat night the party of y oung fellows, robust, friendly, Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs.(I Hear America Singing).It almost captures that desire as one reads the entire work and is very descriptivethat the future belongs to the young and those who are open to opportunities. For the people who leave their country of origin, there is a substantial tradeoff for encompass the American Dream. Behind the veil of power and relative material wealth that is promised to every individual, there is a significant going that one must encounter. And that loss is the loss of traditional culture. In the essay by MSNBC columnist Eric Liu, he states that during one of his dinner meals at a friends house The more time I spent in their midst, the more I learned to be like them.To make their everyday idioms and idiosyncrasies familiar. To possess them. This particular longing to take in all of the everyday idioms and idiosyncrasies of the American culture was brought about not by curiosity or a certain zeal for knowledge. This particular longing was render by negative emotions. This passion for learning the ropes of American culture was born out of the longing of the desire to fit in.The American Dream may be able to provide a person the necessary wealth that one could only dream about in his native country but it likewise takes away the immaterial liberties that come from being rooted in a different culture. This is what is seen in Tony Went to the Bodega But He Didnt Buy Anything. Because the person sit down at the doorway and saw people come and go, his being in that position depicted a life of leisure which one thinks could be achieved if he pursues the American Dream.One does not know that there is an illusion to this since one may never attain this goal by just going to a array and hoping that ones station in life is guaranteed to be easy. The American Dream will always be a Utopian dream until people realize that material wealth is not the only path for success and happ iness. This is seen in the lines,Tony went to the bodega, But he didnt buy anything He sat by the doorway satisfied To watch la gente (people Island-brown as him). Crowd in and out, (Tony Went to the Bodega But He Didnt Buy Anything).The American Dream promises people from all walks of life and all countries of origin that within this land, there is freedom from oppression, freedom from poverty and material wealth but for other people, it will only remain a dream for them. As Langston Hughes remarks, I am the people, humble, hungry, meanHungry yet today despite the dream. There have been casualties during this fight for the American Dream. several(prenominal) people have risked leaving their homelands in search of a bright future in the United States yet there are millions today on relief and people are still being persecuted and discriminated.The land of the free is still a land of oppression and even though people would like to view it as a land of chance, it becomes more like a land of deception and false hopes. Hughes ends his poem with both a revelation of what America has come to be as well an exhortation to the people to make America what is should have been. He says The mountains and the endless plainAll, all the stretch of these capacious green statesAnd make America again (Hughes, 1938).Being optimistic about the dynamic forces of globalization and the practical applications of corporate social responsibilities sweeping multi bailiwick and large national organizations, I still believe that there is a balanced solution in multinationals outsourcing of resources and less developed countries mutual advantage from this economic relationship. It is the primary duty of the national governments to uphold their sovereignty and protect their natural resources, especially their human resource or labor from being corrupted by foreign companies.They must uphold their constitution and by laws and promote more economic and bilateral policies to protect their peo ple and resources at the same time accouterments their economic potential for the nations own advantage, growth and development. They must dictate the terms for which their resources will be used, taking into consideration the growth and comparative advantage of their people and the extinction of their natural resources and habitat. The notion about hiring local managers and staff is preliminary. Of paramount importance is the question of how and in what terms they will get out the multinationals to exhaust their most important resources and capital.In effect, the dream that once tugged at peoples hearts never really existed in the first place. The dream that do people leave their homelands only remain a dream because there are people who still have not made it in America. There is something amiss in the ruckus that is about the American Dream. On one side, the American Dream remains a dream where the corruption and the apathy of people continues to prevent it from coming true wh ile on the other side, the American Dream comes with too high a price. It asks for the individuals culture, it torments the person and convinces him into idea that if you do not assimilate the American culture, you will never make it.Given the importance of our work in our daily lives, our policies and institutions need to provide decent benefits and the opportunity to use ones abilities to the maximum. Consistent with our nations democratic principles, all Americans must possess a freedom to voice out their opinions and be treated fairly. This just means that we value a balance between the interests of the employers and shareholders and the interests of the family.ReferencesThe American Dream. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2007 athttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_DreamI Hear America Singing by Walt Whitman.About.com Literature Classic.Retrieved Oct. 20, 2007 athttp//classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/wwhitman/bl-ww-ihear.htmHughes, Langston. 1938. Let America Be America Again. Retriev ed Oct. 20, 2007 athttp//www.poetryconnection.net/poets/Langston_Hughes/2385Tony Went to the Bodega But He Didnt Buy Anything. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2007 athttp//www.gcsk12.net/speech_meet/speech_docs/Junior%20High%2005-06/dramatic%20poety/dramatic_poetry_43.pdf

African Americans and Racial Diversity

There are many organizations that advocate equality for African Americans in the United States. Many organizations will arouse the African American race and show what concerns are universe felt by their race. Those that advocate for their race give a description of how they f each in bill, what discrepancy they endured and what prejudice they still stomach to deal with. These groups and organizations promote the idea to chip in disparity to a stop in their cultures around the world. African Americans and Racial equationAfrican Americans perplex made their way to freedom, but bring on been left with a heavy burden of their ancestors slavery. Would they ever be seen as anything but slaves brought unwilling from Africa to the United States to be enslaved and be servants to the White Man? Those questions can be answered by looking at the history of African Americans and how they have become great leaders in this country. Rosa Parks may have not been the first Black woman to give up her funda handst on the bus, but she stared a chain of events that would eventually bring segregation to an end.That day in 1955, Rosa Parks paved the way for people care Barak Obama to become the first African American President the United States has ever had. Before that time, African Americans had endured slavery, segregation, discrimination, and prejudice because of the color of their skin. Many African American men fought for our country in the civil war so they could be granted freedom after they served. Butler (2013) stated, the Fourteenth Amendment was added to the Constitution revoking that fateful decision and ensuring citizenship, with all its rights and esponsibilities, to everyone born in the United States regardless of race. (para. 1).There have been several political, social, and cultural issues and concerns throughout American history. Some political issues African American have faces according to history. house. gov (2013) Since 1870, when Senator Hiram Revel s of Mississippi and Representative Joseph Rainey of South Carolina became the first African Americans to serve in Congress, a total of 139 African Americans have served as U. S. Representatives or Senators. affable issues among African Americans are discrimination and prejudice within the United States and beyond. Many are discriminated against because of their race. Many black men and women are deprived of the earning abilities of that of the White man. They describe less money and live in poverty striking communities. Because of slavery, many African Americans feel as though they will never been seen equal to others because of their ancestors. Until this header set changes, history will continue to run the ideas and future of African Americans.Some cultural issues among the African American throughout history would be being accepted into a culture. Many slaves when freed started large communities made up of just Blacks. Without the same education and opportunities as White men and woman, they fell into poverty and struggled to raise as respected Americans. This permits for crime rates to be higher because they had to survive any way they could if only by stealing to be able to live. These issues among African American still exist today. The NAACP has fought for African American rights for generations.According to Naacp 100 Years Of History (2009-2013), The NAACP seeks to remove all barriers of racial discrimination through the parliamentary processes. (Founding Group). The have helped many African American groups with their right to vote because even after they were granted the right, many were still denied. The NAACP has fought along site African Americans to bring justice and rights to those people who worked so hard to become free and receive equal rights in the United States. The United States Supreme Court alleviated slavery, and wrote into faithfulness that ll people should be treated equal. They gave African Americans the right to vote and be equals in their communities and states. They also were granted the right to become government officials. Although these laws have been added, discrimination and prejudice still exist in the United States. The NAACP and other organizations have and continue to fight for the rights of African American and other races. Blackradicalcongress. org has a list of originations that promote blacks in our country. These groups give support to African Americans and show the history of their culture.African Americans may carry a heavy burden of slavery from their ancestors, but they have become the staples of our culture. Through their determination our country has changed to take form way for new opportunities for us to grow as a Nation. Every man has equal probability to make change and live a life without discrimination and prejudice. It takes one person to show the world that change can happen. Lets make a change. Lets all live without discrimination and treat everyone as an equal to ourse lves.ReferenceButler, C.(2013).The African-American Experience FROM ENSLAVEMENT TO EMANCIPATION.Retrieved from http//www.civilwar.org/education/history/african-american-experience/the-african-american.htmlHistory, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives, Black Americans in Congress, http//history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Black-Americans-in-Congress/ (July 07, 2013)NAACP 100 Years of History. (2009-2013). Retrieved from http//www.naacp.org/pages/naacp-history Black Organizations. (). Retrieved from http//www.blackradicalcongress.org/

Ageism in the Workplace – Essay

FYS 1101-41 Intro to Social Justice and Diversity Ageism in the Workplace When it comes to senesce, the commencement ceremony thoughts that come to mind ar the young, gray-headed, and in between. Through differentiating among the one-third, society has formed ageism. Ageism is a type of discrimination found on the stereotypes associated with age groups. Relating to judgments of lifestyles, personalities, and abilities based on age, ageism functions to strip individuals of their rights. It has been, and continues to be, a rising issue in the corporate world.Ageism can impact any individual, especially in the workplace, where individuals can be at a disadvantage for a variety of reasons. Considering the fact that this type of discrimination affects people of all ages, ageism is most easily discussed when divided into three groups * Young age (16-24 years) * Middle age (25-49 years) * Older age (50- over State Pension Age) The roots and beliefs of young adults atomic number 18 o ften discriminated against because societal norms have govern forth the nonion that their ideas atomic number 18 slight important because they have less experience.Governments also manifest ageism by putting age requirements on line of business eligibility. For example, in Massachusetts, all teens under the age of 18 must complete a work rent application and obtain a work permit before starting a new job. The state has also put a limit on the number of hours permitted to work each week. With this restriction, society segregates old people from young people. Also, the idea that eighteen is the quintessential age to begin working is simply a fabricated standard based on the universal behavior and maturity of 18 years olds.Even though it is not clearly visible, ageism is still present and is continuing to affect the working class. On the other hand, many a(prenominal) jobs want to set a specific image, aiming to hire young and winning employees to better appeal to customers. For example, the retail store, Abercrombie and Fitch specifically looks to hire young, attractive employees who will represent the style found in the stores. Meanwhile younger age groups are sometimes paid less even though they are performing similar jobs to ripened age groups. Some employers take advantage of the fact that younger ge groups are inexperienced by paying them minimum wage and sometimes even less. As young adults are new to the workplace, they accept this type of treatment because of their need for money. In society today, younger vulcanized people are becoming more than and more independent and no longer want to rely on their parents for support. Sometimes the case is that parents do not want to support them. Because of this, they need all the money they can to survive. When applying for certain jobs, young adults can have all the infallible requirements that fit the job asunder from the required age.Young adults may be as responsible and may value the desire f or further advancement in their job as much as shopping centre and sr. aged groups, yet they are automatically denied positions based on the simple number that is age. Young adults are just as, if not more, loose than their elders in that they are more energetic and physically strong, enabling them to work more hours and complete the task just as any of the other age groups. The bulk of the workforce falls under the middle-aged category.Ones professional peak is said to occur through their 30s and 40s. This being said, we can conclude that the middle age group is least affected by age discrimination. The stereotype is that they are more qualified for the job because they are more experienced, focused and enterprising towards their desired career while still being physically capable of benefiting the job. Within the age limits of this group, it can be said that gender also leads to ageism when women are perceived as becoming fourth-year workers at an earlier age than men.Society has created a norm that perceives the older age group as the abstemious and incompetent. In Older Employees New Roles for Valued Resources, age stereotypes depict older people as frail and fragile, as having lost the vitality and energy necessary to make a full fledge commitment to their careers (Rosen, B. , & Jerdee, T. , 1985). In the work field, managers assume that older employees are less motivated to improve their job skills compared to younger employees therefore managers are less likely to hire them.On the contrary, many employers look to hire older people because they feel that older people are more experienced in the work place, which means that no additional training is necessary. Furthermore, employers rarely growth older peoples pay because they are less likely to switch careers. The younger groups have more opportunity to further their careers and hence, need motivation to stay loyal to their employer. Although there have been vast improvements in medicine and incre ases in life span, the elderly are considered to be frail and more apt to get injured or fall victim to illness.This idea affects the working culture because this view towards older people has not changed, This way of thinking-and acting- has been expressed in discriminatory practices much(prenominal) as (a) limiting or excluding older workers from substantive job responsibilities and activities, (b) removing older employees from the workforce through negative performance evaluations or through encouraging their retirement (c) implementing insensitive, poorly conceived policies (d) limiting older workers entre to job-related education, career development opportunities, or employee benefits and (e) refusing to hire or promote older workers (Hedge J. Borman W. & Lammlein S, 2006). Generally, the idea is that older people are treated less favorably than others, perhaps because of an idea that such people have outlived the useful part of their lives and that society should somehow all ocate its resources to those that have something left to contri ande. Older people may be segregated and regarded as a burden or a drain on the resources of the community, generating ageism to come into effect (Malcolm, 2007). Older workers face ageist attitudes and age discrimination. Ageism plays a harmful role in the workplace.Discrimination of age is illegal under both the Federal Age Discrimination in involvement Act, and the California Fair Employment and Housing Act. However, these laws are geared towards the elderly and offer no protection for young workers. The law of The Age of Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 protects individuals who are forty years of age or older from employment discrimination based on age. Not only is ageism evident in the workforce, precisely also it is also present in the government. There is no law whatsoever protecting young age groups. Some might say that these instances of dark occurring in the workplace seem acceptable.However, discri minating against someone based on how old and young they are is never justifiable. It is not ones age that determines their capability and qualifications but their competence. Competence, not age, should determine whether a person should keep a job. To do otherwise, is to squander one of our nations most precious resources and to hasten the day of the end of those who are denied the experience that would keep them vitally and for a long time alive. (Rosen, B. , & Jerdee, T. H. (1985). pg. 49) Age should not be a factor in the work force for many reasons.The young, the middle-aged, and the elderly all need their place in the job market. It is unfair to discriminate against those who are fully capable of completing the task efficiently merely based on age. If employers continue to follow these trends, we will run into many problems. As the baby boom generation gets older, there will be an increase in the older working group. There is no way to prevent this and because baby boomers ma ke up a large percentage of the population, it could create sparing issues if we dont find ways to accommodate the needs of the elderly.Otherwise, we will have fewer workers and less wisdom to guide future generations. The use of older workers can help organizations meet their growing and changing company objectives in a global economy while providing meaningful work rolls for middle-aged and older Americans. (Hedge J. , Borman W. & Lammlein S, 2006). On the other side of the spectrum, young people are very valuable to the corporate world. We need the fresh ideas of young adults who are excited nigh starting new careers and motivated to advance their knowledge.It is also important that we encourage the independence of young people by trusting them to be responsible instead of doubting their abilities. Hedge, J. W. , Borman, W. C. , & Lammlein, S. E. (2006). The Aging workforce realities, myths, and implications for organizations. Washington, DC American Psychological Association . Rosen, B. , & Jerdee, T. H. (1985). Older employees new roles for valued resources. USA Dow Jones-Erwin. Sargeant, M. (2007). Age discrimination in employment. Retrieved from http//site. ebrary. com/lib/emmanuel/docDetail. action? docID=10209153

Market Failure: Food Adulteration in Bangladesh

commercialize Failure * Adulteration in Food persistence Submitted to Mr. Sheikh Morshed Jahan Associate Professor Course Instructor Bangladesh Stu kick downstairss Submitted by Samia Khan (RQ 16) Adel Mostaque Ahmed (ZR 22) Ahnaf Zabee (ZR 35) Rituraj Baidya (ZR 56) Institute of Business Administration University of capital of Bangladesh April 9, 2012 T open of Contents Market failure3 Food adulteration in Bangladesh3 Mouthwatering looks4 Endurance4 Examples of diet adulteration5 The consequences6 The awareness issue6 Penalties7 The Solution8 Conclusion8 Market failureMarket failure is a pattern within economic theory describing when the allocation of goods and services by a free market is non efficient. That is, there exists another conceivable outcome where a market participant may be made better off without do someone else worse-off. Market failures can be viewed as scenarios where individuals pursuit of handsome self-interest leads to results that are not efficient th at can be improved upon from the societal point-of-view. Food adulteration in Bangladesh Food adulteration is the process of adding chemic substances with foods, which should not be contained within food and beverages.Chemical substances or simply adulterants may be added to substances to ruby-reduce manufacturing costs, or for some deceptive or malicious purpose. When receipts in business is more important than morality, then it is possible to add the poisoning contents to the foods and beverages. A limited number of hatful may die without foods but a large population has been suffering from complicated diseases related to food adulteration, which may be even lead to death in future. corrupt food consuming is the waiting for death, which is a worse punishment than death.Food adulteration has become a major problem in Bangladesh. Vegetables, fish, milk, fruit, and sweetmeats nothing is safe, and is being sell in the market profusely. However, the adulteration that affects the c onsumers directly comes from eaterys. The restaurants are using toxic chemicals like formalin and textile dye stuffs in preserving foods, which play havoc in health system. Most of the countrys population, especially women and children would be the scald victim if the authorities fail to stop food adulteration.The number of people struck by cancer and other chronic diseases due to taking of adulterated foods has of late gone up to such an alarming level that some people have even stopped buying many essential nutritious foods and vegetables other than some basic food grains, for mere survival, that they assume are not adulterated. Mouthwatering looks There is a special demand for fresh good-looking foods among customers and they are bequeathing to pay extra just for the look. However, we need to be cautious because, Consumer crosstie of Bangladesh (CAB) confirmed that wholesalers use several mechanisms to make foods sop upive.In their study, it came out that in about cases the spices are mixed with brick dust, cumin is mixed with sawdust, and sugar syrup is added with honey to lift the sweetness. Dishonest traders use a host of ingredients such as animal fat, palm oil, potato mash and vegetable oil to produce fake c all over oil. In another study, the Food and Nutrition Institution, University of capital of Bangladesh6 have found alarming level of deadly bacteria like E-coli, Salmonella and Shigella bacteria in nearly of the restaurant food and street food in the city. Many street food vendors and restaurants recycle burnt cooking oil for frying food items.Once the oil is utilise for cooking, it becomes oxidized and its further use generates peroxide, which is very harmful for the human corpse. Endurance It is a challenge to keep fresh produces, meats and fish for a longer conviction in Bangladesh. Most of the traders do not have freezing vans or climate control storage facility to ensure the quality of the food. However, many traders came up with unusual ideas to keep their products intact for longer time that pose a long-term health risk to the consumers. Restaurant owners use this technique to reduce their birthday suit material purchasing cost.Often formaldehyde is sprayed to fruits and fishes to keep them fresh for longer duration. Some other examples of food adulteration Views about the proportion of adulterated food items on the market vary between 70 and 90 percent. More than 76 percent food items on the market were found adulterated in a random survey by Public Health Laboratory of Dhaka City Corporation in 2004. There are approximately 150 food items in the country, said SK Roy, a senior scientist at the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B).Roy said that brick dust is applied in chili pulverize urea is utilise to whiten rice and puffed rice sawdust in loose tea soap in Ghee and artificial sweetener, coal tar, and textile dyes in sweetmeats. Formalin applied on fish, fruit, me at, and milk causes throat cancer, blood cancer, childhood asthma, and skin diseases, he said. Poisonous coloring agents like aura mine, rhodomine B, malachite green, yellow G, allura red, and Sudan red applied on food items for coloring, brightness, and freshness victimize liver and kidney, and cause stomach cancer, asthma, and bladder cancer, said Roy.Coloring agents chrome, tartzine, and erythrosine are used in spices, sauces, juices, lentils, and oils causing cancer, allergy, and respiratory problem. Calcium carbide may lead to cancer in kidney, liver, skin, prostate, and lungs. Rye flour used in barley, bread, and wheat flour contribute to convulsion and miscarriage. Hormone used in cauliflower causes infertility of women. Agino moto or monosodium glutamate used in Chinese restaurant food items cause nervous system disorder and depression. Urea localise in puffed rice and rice causes nervous system damage and respiratory problem.Sulphuric acid used in milk for condensation causes damage to the cardiac system. Application of excessive and unauthorized pesticides also cause contamination of food, he said adding that additives used for making food items attractive can be lethal if those are cancerous. However, some permitted preservatives, thickening agents, gelling agents, antioxidants, and stabilizers could be harmless if applied in appropriate quantity, said Roy. Food grains, vegetables, and fish also are contaminated by industrial pollution of the soil, air, and water, he said.Burnt engine oil is used to fry Jilapi, while artificial fragrance is applied on flours, said Khalil Ahmed, executive magistrate of Dhaka City Corporation, who operates a mobile homage against adulterated foods in the capital. The consequences The long-term consequences of consuming chemical treated food items will be devastating. The children would be the worst affected group among all if they eat chemical mixed food items. Formaldehyde causes various gastro-intestinal disor ders if consumed for long.Most of the chemicals may result in long-term skin diseases, damage lungs and kidneys and some of them can develop cancers. BSTI revealed that about 1,000 drinking water factories exist in the country, only 400 of which have licenses from the BSTI. Bottlers of drinking water factories have mushroomed with elflike regard to compliance of standard or BSTI license. Despite BSTI cancelling the licenses of 139 bottling factories in the last 18 months, there has been overbolds of setting up of new factories in new locations.The result children and aged people are facing constant threat of diseases even with the bottled water produced by these factories. The awareness issue The depressing part is that most of the traders or producers using chemicals in foods are not aware of its long-term impact on human body and surrounding environment. The only driver, which motivates them, is the additional income on sales. Many of them even do not know the name of the chemic als they are spraying on the foods to speed-up the ripening process. They just go to the pharmacy and they get the medicament without any permit.Besides, contaminated food once consumed does not result quickly in human body. Over time, these chemicals slowly turn a human body into an ideal host for deadly diseases and sometimes result in the development of cancer and other fatal diseases. Nevertheless, the government along with media is trying to improve the awareness condition with many activities. The most successful initiative to date was the anti adulteration drive led by a mobile solicit. This drive started choke off in 2007 with a team that included a magistrate, media partners and police.For two consecutive years, the drive was a success and the magistrate Rokon-Ud-Dowla became a celebrity. During that time, the mobile court unveiled most of the adulteration mechanisms used by traders and producers. Since the drive was not backed by a comprehensive plan later when political ly challenged the effectiveness diluted eventually. Penalties The concentrated Food Act 1959 that prosecutes offenders of food adulteration has a ludicrously low penalty of Tk. 200. In spite of the nominal fine, the amount realized from the mobile court drives has been enormous. In 2012, a vigilance team of National Consumers Right Protection Directorate has realized taka two lakh and six thousand as fine from different hotels, restaurants and fast food shops for selling adulterated and filthy foods in the International Trade Fair at Sher-e-Bangla Nagar. * Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) was sued in Dhaka due to its use of adulterated vegetable oil to prepare high cost food this year. Authority says KFC outlets of Dhaka and Chittagong have taken no clapperclaw to maintain standard of foods though many of those were fined for sub-standard foods and unhygienic condition of their kitchens. On August 7, 2011, a mobile court for food in Chittagong found rotten vegetables and tomatoes in their (KFCs) refrigerator, and found that their salad packets do not have information about the compositions and nutrition facts. Later the court fined BDT 25,000, but said they are punishing minimally only to warn them, KFC should be careful about their quality. 11 BSTI sources revealed that it conducted 1,039 mobile courts across the country in seven months from July 2010 to February 2011 and detected rampant malpractice and adulteration in the food production centers. Some Tk. 23. million were realized as fine during the drives while 1,086 cases were filed and 66 people were sent to jail. 7 The Solution The best termination to reduce adulteration is transparency and regulation. If the process of food producers is exposed, they will be forced to provide the customers with good healthy and hygienic food. Some of the solutions could be * issue of Mobile Court As mentioned previously, the anti-adulteration mobile court led by Rokon-ud-Dawla was a huge success. It made the restaura nts show their true face. The mobile court nonetheless exists and has youngly found adulterated oil at a KFC outlet.However, many more small and large restaurants have such complaints against them. Therefore, the mobile courts activity needs to be more widespread and regular. It may also be led by a permanent organization. With such activity restaurant owners will have to be aware about healthy food. * The Transparent Window The transparent window is a concept where the customers will be able to see the kitchen of a restaurant to ensure hygiene. The kitchen should not be made completely open to public, as restaurants may not want to show their recipe. A completely open kitchen is also vulnerable to dust and therefore unhygienic.Therefore, every kitchen should have a large transparent window through which customers themselves will be able to judge whether the kitchen is hygienic enough. This will directly affect the restaurants as they always look forward to satisfying their custom ers. * Tax Cut Restaurants should have an valuation system governed by the monitoring/regulatory committee. The current VAT rate for restaurants is 15%. If a restaurant gets a full-marks review from that committee the restaurant may be charged with a lesser VAT say 12. 5%. This will be a great way to motivate restaurant owners to making healthy food.Owners will, to a certain extent, find healthy food a way to lower their price of food and thus be able to attract more customers. Conclusion Food adulteration has been a burning problem in Bangladesh since a few years. Especially after the initiation of the mobile court drive in 2007, widespread media attention has been given to the malpractices prevalent in the food industry. Although it seemed initially that the drive would bring fruitful results, the effort has sagged in recent times. Through revival of the mobile court drive, increase of transparency and motivation of food akers through tax benefit, we can hope to ensure that food will be kept in its own unadulterated form. 1 . Kurgan, P. & Wells, R. (2006). Economics, New York, Worth Publishers. 2 . Haque, M. M. (2009). Food adulteration by chemicals and diseases. The Financial Express. Retrieved from http//www. thefinancialexpress-bd. com/2009/07/31/74799. hypertext mark-up language 3 . Mass campaign to stop food adulteration. (2011). Retrieved from http//www. rdrsbangla. net/Resources/ContentFile/contentFile_4e82cdc5d1c17. pdf 5 . Yousuf, M. A. (2011).Nourishment or Toxin A Critical Appraisal on the Food Adulteration trim down in Bangladesh (Part A). Business Innovation Facility. Retrieved from http//businessinnovationfacility. org/profiles/blogs/nourishment-or-toxin-a-critical-appraisal-on-the-food 6 . Food adulteration rings alarm bell. (2011). The Daily Star. Retrieved from http//www. thedailystar. net/newDesign/news-details. php? nid=198096 7 . Khan, M. A. (2011). Rampant adulteration still a havoc. The Daily Star. Retrieved from http//www. t hedailystar. net/newDesign/news-details. php? nid=193429 8 .Amin, A. M. Rahman, A. S. Ahsan, S. Khan, I. H. (2004). Eating away our health. Star Weekend Magazine. 4(20). Retrieved from http//www. thedailystar. net/magazine/2004/11/01/cover. htm 9 . Consumers Rights Protection team realizes fine over Taka two lakh. (2012). Bangladesh Shangbad Shangstha. Retrieved from http//www1. bssnews. net/newsDetails. php? cat=0=223298$date=2012-01-26=2012-02-02 10 . Jibon, S. I. (2012). KFC was sued in Bangladesh for using adulterated oil. Digital Journal. Retrieved from http//digitaljournal. com/blog/15050

Reducing Intergroup Conflict

In life we have all been in the cliques or in-groups or in other groups that were non so popular than those that were in the groups that rule the school or the office. There ar groups in the workplace as intimately I roll in the hay that it sounds very childish, and we have all deemed it middle and high school behavior at its finest. There is a belief that those that indulge in this particular behavior either didnt belong to one of these social groups and grew from an ugly duckling into that beautiful swam do on that point best to re-live those glory days that they did not have a as teens.These groups teach youth prejudice and discrimination of others as closely as intolerance these negative influences spread alike foolish fire. Most of all these intergroups teach youth and others on the outside to stereotype those that are in the group and around those in the groups without those that are doing the stereotyping to know that person-to-person on a personal level. I have perso nally been stereotyped because people that I have hung around because of how they others in the group carried themselves outside of school.Even though they were my friends in school we didnt hang out that much after school yet I was called names and talked about until those that were slinging the mud got to know on an individual level. I understand that people do these things so that they raise fit into the group also for peer pressure as well so that they can look cool and hip to others in the group, and then theres a deeper level of ehy that they are starting or in these types of groups. The simple reason is that they just want to fit in and be wanted by someone.Then there are your groups some of those that colligate for the acceptance of others join because their families members joined just because it looks cool. There are some that join for protection they dont believe in what the junto stands for the just want to be apart so that they wont get picked on like others around them. These groups are growing bigger and bigger some of them are having great negative impact on our youth today. What we have to find out are more ways to reduce the negative affects on our children and their schools.The South-Western college Nelson-Quick glossary defines an intergroup fight is between two groups or organizations. (Nelson-Quick glossary,2000) Knowing what intergroup conflict is we can look at youth in detention center some of these kids are already in gangs when they come into the center. In the center they all have one thing in common is that they all have some type of hostility, discrimination, prejudice, stereotyping towards others in the center.These juveniles have these things in common so that branch out from a bigger group into smaller groups some of these youth are already gang members so if they are in the same gangs they group in together. Since they are in the same place as those rival gangs conflicts start to arise between the groups, and there are t hose that are not apart of any gangs just civilians casualties. Some of them join in the gangs in order to keep from being combat injury or just the fear of the gangs in such close quarters.There are some things that bring about these conflicts in the groups which are prejudice, stereotyping, and discriminations. Prejudice is the unfair trace or dislike for a person or group because of sex, religion, or race. Stereotyping is to believe that all people or things have a particular singularity are the same. Discrimination is the practice of treating people of divers(prenominal) group from other groups because of their differences.(Merriam-Webster 2013)When you have these behaviors all in the same place there at first-year is tention which if there is no one there to form solution of how to stop the tension from going in to from blown hostility people can be hurt. These negative emotions and behavior only feed the tension and violence that is around the center. Lets look at the key conflicts that bring on the violence stereotyping for starters when they other gangs follow through their counterparts and what they have been taught and told about the other groups.For an example, when certain gangs sees rivals they the make assumption about how that person or group live, interact, or speak. With discrimination can be seen as the top concept of why the conflicts arise around us the gang can see someone of the a different gang and treat them different from those of their gang. For example, If one of the member same gang is working in the lunch line and give a little more food to his brother than the true cat from the other gang he actually gives him less and spits in his food as insult to injury.This can start and conflict or turn on that is already begun into something much more where others get hurt because of what happened in the lunch line. With prejudice when dealing with gangs they are taught that the gang is family that you have to have total combine and belief in the gang from the day you join until the death. Some of those that are in the gangs that are what we will call legacies they have been taught from childhood to not like those from a different hood. They are taught to not lie them because of where the stay, how they dress, look, and what colors they represent as a group.So in these close quarters there is a pick out to reduce those intergroup conflict so it can spill out from the detention centers into the neighborhoods. On way the Hewstones article talks about is direct approaches such as interventions are used with motivational processes Monteith (1993) can up with prejudice and compunction this take low-prejudice individuals and bring them to awareness using is-ought. This process brings out the discrepancies of the individuals personal set and how they act towards others of different characteristics.Using this process is to activate the self-guilt that the individual has which the mechanism takes hold and reduces th e predetermine of others. Indirect approaches Leippe & Eisenstadt (1994) they use a different way they indirectly cut bias by inducing the non prejudiced behavior in those that showed less bias in their attitudes which were in line with their behavior. Empathy also showed a very lustrous result with individuals with the cognitive and emotional aspects which showed desired results in generalized positive feelings towards person and groups.Decategorization can work because it takes two mutual and reciprocal cognitive processes eminence there distinction made in member of the out group then its personalization which those in the out group are seen for their uniqueness which is related to self. This mode takes one from the in group after they have been individuated and introduce them into a the out group which in doing this remove the favoritism bias away from the group. Recategorization which takes those that are not in the popular group and bring one that is in the popular group in to the out group.This alters and tips the scale so that the bias that was there over time is chipped away as well as broken down walls that were once there. To help these youth we need programs that going to breakdown the bias that have been taught and learn for some of them from childhood for others a little bit older. It is best that we take away from the glamour of being gangs teach them to love themselves as well as others and embrace differences in others around them.(Hewstones, Rubin,Wilis, 2002)We need programs such as teamwork program such as grow with the Earth grow in your life we have them to start a garden where everyone work together, Wrap session which talk about things that are bothering everyone this is where everything is put out there on the table to cut some tension in the groups, Mentor program for younger kids that are heading down the same path to show them how they can help those that are coming up give them a chance for a better life. Mortality this is a w ay that can have those gang members to see what happens when the glamorous side of gang life fades.

College and Tuition Essay

College program line is a extravagantlyly talked about subject among the presidents. For many years college education was not highly sought after or looked for, thus when people who did go to college started getting better feeing callings than every 1 else much than and more people started to go to college. Since college is such a hot commodity these days the price of a college education is on a steady rise. Some experts have a very strong opinion as to why college education is on a rise and some believe that that it is not on the rise. To begin to understand this issue, we have to first examine the history and the context from which it arose.The rise of breeding is mainly due in part because the colleges need more money to upgrade and stay on top of the technology era. at that place are in addition many other(a) reasons why schooling is on the rise though. One writer state of matters that, As almost every state reels from the effects of recession and assess cuts, leg islatures slash accompaniment for higher education, the largest discretionary item in most state budgets. (Reed Jr. , p. 25). Another writer states, A need to improve facilities, state budgets that are declining and inflation are all contributing to the rising cost of higher education, and there appears to be no end in sight. (Gallagher, The capital of Maine Chronicle). This compar fit writer gives another reason, Universities, private and public, have to raise tuition to cover the costs of new construction, renovations and technological advancements and to keep qualified professors. (The Augusta Chronicle). All of these statements head that there are many reasons why college tuition is on the rise, but they go intot seem to make sense to me. There should be other representations that colleges are able to pay for these advances in technology and inflation besides just hiking up the tuition cost.The tuition cost is so high that they have the great unwashed of money to pay for all of the technological advances that they compulsion and still have money left over for others things that the school has to be able to pay for from the tuition from students. In one presidential debate between Sen. John Kerry and President Bush, Sen. John Kerry accused President Bush of under funding aid programs, while Bush touted college access as one of the top priorities of his economic mean. Both of the candidates seem to agree on one thing though, loss to college just keeps getting more expensive. (Opening the College Gates) This goes to show that no matter who is talking everyone agrees that tuition is going to rise even more in the years to come. subsequently on in the same bind the cause states, But while both candidates have offered an array of new financing plans, many analysts worry that uncomplete mans proposals go a counselling come close to what is necessary to make college more accessible and inexpensive for everyone. If the candidates cant make colleg e more affordable indeed the proposals dont make any sense.They should come up with proposals that leave alone actually bene featureor student and parents pay for college instead of just making proposals for the sake of making proposals. Bush has made a lot of promises, but one that I hope he holds to is one made in the article Opening the College Gates where it says, Bush pledges to increase student aid by six percent and will try to link federal aid more closely to academics by offering a one thousand dollar scholarship to Pell recipients who sign up college-prep classes in high school, along with five thousand dollars more in aid to students who study math and science in college. If he holds up this claim then(prenominal) a lot more people will be able to hopefully afford college and keep enrollment range up. On the other hand, Kerry plans to give tax credits on the first 4 thousand dollars of tuition to all college students whose parents earn less than one ascorbic acid thousand dollars. The credit would cover one hundred percent of the first one thousand dollars and fifty percent of the rest ? essentially functioning as an extra two thousand five hundred dollar Pell grant. (Opening the College Gates) I dont think that this claim is a very realistic claim because there are tons of people who earn fewer than one hundred thousand dollars and theres no way that the government could pay for everyone to get back four thousand dollars. College tuition has changed greatly from back in the seventies. All of the following stats were obtained from a website by Citibank. For a Private Four-Year University in 1971-72 it cost about $7,000, and in 2000-01 it costs $16,332. For a Private Two-Year University in 1971-72 it cost about$4,500, and in 2000-01 it costs $7,458.For a Public Four-Year University in 1971-72 it cost about $1,900, and in 2000-01 it costs $3,510. For a Public Two-Year University in 1971-72 it cost about $1,000, and in 2000-01 it costs $1,705. All of these prices even seem high back in the seventies. Even though they seem high I wish these were the prices now. Almost every person that I have read has agreed that college tuition fees have almost twofold in the past hug drug years. One researcher said, Average tuition at public flagship universities rose 9% this year, vs.14% a year ago (the States Today, Sep. 14, 2004). Another researcher stated, oer the past decade, tuition rose 47% at public four-year colleges and 42% at their private counterparts (Hempel, Issue 3885). This is a huge jump for just go years, if this continues the tuition costs will be extremely high in a few years. They may become so high that their enrollment rates may drop because of it. Most of the colleges make money off of the tuition. The money that they do make usually goes back into the university for enhancements and additions to buildings.They also use the money to service stay up with computer technologies. Even though they do all of these a dvances they still have to have money to pay teachers salaries and be able to pay for scholarships that some students earn. Many colleges arent only raising the tuition costs, but they are also raising the cost of textbooks. According to the Washington Post, The National draw of College Bookstores says wholesale prices of college textbooks have risen nearly forty percent in the past five years. (Washington Post, Sep. 18, 2004).This helps to show that the colleges are gaining money from some other way besides just the tuition to make ends meet. They could also use this money from the textbooks to help pay for things that are needed for the school to make it better or help aid in the inflation. They could also use this money to pay for student scholarships. There are many different shipway that families can help ease the cost of college. USA Today gives six different cerebrations to help a family pay for college. One way they say is called the 529 plan which according to USA Today is, These state-sponsored plans offer a tax-advantaged way to investfor college tuition and other expenses. Another way is prepaid tuition plans, These plans let you purchase contracts that lock in tuition rates at state colleges and universities. The third way is Education Savings Accounts (ESAs), Education Savings Accounts let you invest in mutual money, exchange-traded funds or other investments for your childs education. The next way is Vanguards Education Resource Center, You can use the money for primary and unessential private school tuition along with college expenses. The fifth way is Uniform Gifts to Minors work and Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UGMA/UTMA) accounts, Uniform Gifts to Minors Act and Uniform Transfers to Minors Act accounts are in your childs name, but you control the assets until the child is 18 or 21, depending on your state. The last way is Roth IRA, Ordinarily, if you withdraw money from a Roth individual retirement account before age 59 ?, youl l have to pay taxes on investment gains, plus a 10% punishment. But you can always withdraw the amount of your contributions, without paying taxes or penalties.Withdraw more than that, and youll owe taxes on the gains, but the 10% penalty is waived if the money is used for college. (USA Today, Sep. 14, 2004). All of these plans they list could be very helpful to anyone who needs help gaining their college education. Most of them need to be planned before a child is already accepted into college though, so if someone needs the money think ahead. Try to find another way if possible to not take out college loans. With a college loan the school gets a lot of money back on the interest.It may sound like a good idea at first but in the end will end up hurting you. A reporter from Newsweek has come up with five more ways that students can help pay for college make your case, focus on the bottom line, prepare for the future, come across the gaps, and break dispirited and borrow. Accordin g to Linda Stern, Most schools that render aid will reconsider their offer if you can show them you have less money than they thought. The next suggestion she dialog about is to focus on the bottom line, The biggest award may not be the best deal if its mostly loans or comes from the most expensive school. The third concept she talks about is to prepare for the future, Ask the school to commit to a four-year award, and structure your familys finances to lower your bill. The next method she talks about is to fill the gaps, Many schools will break down the bursars bill into more digestible bites. The last approach she says that students can help pay for college is to break down and borrow, At todays low rates, its hard to find a better deal than a student loan. (Stern, Issue 15). All of these ways are very good ideas to help pay for college, a few of them will need some planning before-hand in order to get the job done.As long as parents and children start thinking about the col lege of their choice before they are a senior in high school then they should be able to afford it. Thinking of ways to pay for college is a good idea but families should also be figuring out who will pay for college and how much. Most parents will do anything they can to have their child go to the University of their choice, but what most parents dont think about is the repercussions. The author of the article Who pays for COLLEGE?says, think of paying for college as a joint venture, with kids pitching in to give themselves a stake in their own education. She then goes on to say, kids can get a degree for a fraction of the cost by attending a community college for two years and then transferring to a four-year school. (Who pays for COLLEGE? ) These are both great ideas to keep in mind for parents who are willing to help their child pay for college. If a child helps pay for college then they usually want to do better in school because they are paying for part of the schooling, so if they mess up then they are losing money.I dont know too many students are willing to give away their money for no apparent reason to someone else. There is one author who actually claims that college tuition has not risen, and actually declined. The author of the article Tuition fees dont see whole truth states, With grants at an all-time high and tax-advantaged college savings plans growing rapidly, the studys authors claim that average tuition costs at public four-year colleges ? excluding room and board, books and transportation and plenty else ? have actually declined. (Tuition fees dont tell whole truth) I dont think that I agree with this author just for the fact that there are too many facts to prove otherwise. I stated a lot of numbers earlier to show that tuition had almost doubled in the past ten years, and now this lady comes along and says that no tuition is actually cheaper. This doesnt make any sense to me, but by chance thats just me. I believe that tuition is on the rise and there isnt much that we can do about it. If the government and Universities want to make the tuition higher then they are going to, no matter what anyone says about it.I think that the only way to deal with the tuition increase is to start saving money for college early in life and hope that it doesnt get to high before you get there, especially since college education is so highly sought after and held in such high regard. If parents and children will just sit down and figure out a plan on how to pay for college before they are a junior or senior in high school then there should be no problem in paying for it. Works Cited 1) Reed Jr. , Adolph L. Majoring in Debt. Progressive Jan 2004, Vol. 68 Issue 1, p 25, 3p, 2bw. 2) Gallagher, James. College Costs Continue to Rise Sharply.The (GA) Augusta Chronicle 5/30/2004. 3) USA Today. Learn about ways to pay college tuition. Sep. 14, 2004. 4) Hempel, Jessi. College Tuition? Gumption Wont Cover It. Business Week, 5/31/2004, Iss ue 3885. 5) http//studentloan. citibank. com/slcsite/slcframeset. htm. Citicorp. Oct. 26, 2004. 6) The Washington Post. Textbook Prices On the Rise. Sep. 18, 2004. 7) Stern, Linda. Congrats? Now Pay Up. Newsweek, 4/12/2004, Vol. 143, Issue 15. 8) Ewers, Justin and Kingsbury, Alex. Opening the College Gates. 9) Bodnar, Janet. Who pays for COLLEGE? 10) Meyer, Michelle M. Tuition fees dont tell whole truth.

Jerome K. Jerome “A Victim to One Hundred and Seven Fatal Maladies”

The text is written by an English writer and humorist Jerome K. Jerome, best known for the comic travelogue Three Men in a Boat. The story is ab break through maven young levelheaded men who musical theme he became a victim to maven hundred and seven black maladies. The story is written by a humorist, thats why it contains a lot of different funny moments and special stylistic devises. The first integrity we met already in the name of the story A victim to one hundred and seven fatal maladies. This phrase has an ironical tone. We understand that one human race fuckingt have one hundred and seven fatal maladies at once.The title let us to understand that something pass on be wrong with the of import character, but probably the author leave just ridicule certain type of people. So, one man after reading some medical books clear-cut that he had tout ensemble of fatal diseases at once, and came to the doctor to tell about his trouble. The doctor said nonhing but wrote a pre scription, which helped the patient to recover, de contuse it didnt contain any medicaments. The story can be divided into 3 logical parts story proper, climax and denouement.The story has no exposition, because it begins directly with activity of the main character, who was sitting in the library and reading a book about diseases. In the story proper we knew the whole information about the primal character of the story. Generally, the text is built around such human character trait as hypochondria. The author chose an interesting way to describe this mental asymmetry the whole text is written with irony. We can feel it already in the beginning of the story I sat for a while frozen with curse and than in despair I again turned over the pages.I came to typhoid fever read the symptoms discovered that I had typhoid fever began to get elicit in my case, and so started alphabetically and the only disease I had not got was housemaids knee. After these words we understand what ki nd of man is the main person and may be smb. found himself in it. Its rattling funny to read about the man who thought he had all the diseases of the world, but honestly speaking if I was on his place I would be scary because of all these diseases.The main person impressed me because in spite of such number of diseases he didnt cry, shout or go into hysteric, conversely he apples to himself with irony. We can feel it in his thoughts and statements I sat and thought what an interesting case I must be from a medical point of view. Students would have no need to walk the hospitals if they had me. I was a hospital in myself. All they need do would be to walk round me, and, after that, take their diploma or during the conversation with the doctor I will not take up your time, dear boy, with telling you what is the matter with me.Life is short and you might pass away before I had finished. But I will tell you what is not the matter with me. Everything else, however, I have got. I think that hypochondria of the main personage is in a bad case, because he had not only all the symptoms of the diseases he had read in the book, but even thought up several complications. To describe this the author used antithesis I tested to examine myself. I felt my pulse. I could not at first feel any pulse at all.Then, all of sudden, it seemed to start off. I pulled out my watch and timed it. I made it a 100 and 47 to the minute. I tried to feel my heart. I could not feel my heart. It had stopped whipstitching. The climax of irony and self-irony of the story, I think, is in these 2 phrases I had walked into the reading-room a happy, healthy man. I crawled out a miserable wreck. Its very funny and very sad simultaneous, because we understand that the only disease this man had was his mental instability.And the main character itself understood that he was absolutely happy and healthy man before he read about the diseases, but after it he felt totally ill, even though he understood postcode in medicine and he could not determine if he had those symptoms or not. The denouement of the story comes gradually from the visiting of the doctor through the situation in the chemists up to recovery of the main person. The key role here played the doctor. He knew our personage for a long time and was his experient chum, that is why he immediately understood what was going on and what was the matter with the patient.The doctor knew an approach to this person. He wrote such a funny prescription, because he knew that comic people like to treat themselves and he knew that the patient would follow each word he wrote in the prescription. And the focus succeeded the man ate 1 defeat beefsteak and drank 1 pint bear every 6 hours, made 1 ten-mile walk every morning, and took 1 bed at 11 every night, and, lo and behold, I followed the directions with the happy result that my life was preserved and is still going on.Happy end ? So, the story is over, but I think it is the end o nly for one part of the whole story, I mean the story of the personages life. I think it is not the end, because the question is the difficult mental trouble and one funny prescription cant solve this seriously problem. I think that man would be happy and healthy until he read one more book or article or watched a TV-show about a new fatal disease. People with such problems must consult not with subject matter experts but with mental specialists, and only in this case they will have chance to become really happy and healthy.

External and Internal Analysis Essay

This report lead provide an synopsis of Bayonne Packaging, Inc and its involvement in the publisher megabucks industriousness. The tercet most important issues facing this conjunction atomic number 18 analyzed which include (i) how undersurface Bayonne establish discourse among plane sections and improve overall rescript ending, (ii) how go away Bayonne be adapted to climb up or improve their computerized programming body (iii) given Bayonnes poor after partty consummation, how plenty dischargening(a) efficiencies be improved in equipment casualty of cogency consumption of the machines. In conduceition to analysis of these current issues, alternative solutions create been genuine for each. The alternative that holds the strongest presence is for Bayonne to instill a strong embodied culture and ultimately chant discourse that will allow for the club to excel in its key executeance measures of equal, n unrivalled, depend talent and locomote. a dmissionBayonne Packaging, Inc. is currently involved in the melodic theme packaging effort. Currently a 43 million 1 dollar bill company, Bayonne has grown from 1982 when gross gross revenue were just 10 million. Bayonne disparateiates themselves in worlda specialty packaging paper converter that produces customized, complex-design packaging that is wasting diseased by industrial nodes for promotional materials, softw are, luxury beverages, and gift food and abidedy. By diversifying into new markets Bayonne applied its huge suit in innovative and difficult packaging design and their ability to congregating and glue complex blanks. The main issues facing the company are the following (i) how can Bayonne specializationen communicating among departments and improve overall company culture, (ii) how will Bayonne be sufficient to develop or improve their computerized computer programing formation (iii) given Bayonnes poor auction pitch performance, how can operational e fficiencies be improved in hurt of capacity utilization of the machines. It is thus crucial to replete(p)y analyze these issues to a greater extent fully and construe the factors that puddle preceded to each in gild for Bayonne to gain war-ridden receipts. depth psychology of Bayonnes Issues 800 I. How can Bayonne streng and so communicating among departments and improve overall company culture? Bayonnes most stressful month of October has ca commitd birthy, cost, and forest to tank. Consequently, Bayonne has non been fit to execute their scheme (see variance 2.1) healthful and excel in key performance measures. This is due to lack of chat and coordination between the choice control, gross sales heed, Fold and Glue, and typography departments. There are several factors that contribute to the communication issue at Bayonne. Among other weaknesses of the company such(prenominal) as construction a study for upstart delivery and complaints from nodes about quality of produces (see section 2.3), communication is one of the strongest. Bayonne seems to be failing in the ten essential managerial tasks of the system execution process. Moreover, the lack of communication is reflected in their inability to staff the organization (see section 2.5a) as no proper cookery is realized and departments are working as silos earlier than one unified organization.In addition, lack of communication is in addition cod for Bayonne to plant on their organizational capabilities in specialised packaging and scheduling (see section 2.5b). Bayonne has non been able to develop a strong management team that can assess which typeset ambit activities, for example, should be performed internally and which ones should be outsourced (see section 2.5c). The fact that orders were late morethan 20% of the clock in October is wistful of poor communication in the company and lack of delivery in key performance indicators (see section 2.1c). Bayonne is losing clie nts be hunting expedition of communication problems and lack of internal leadership (see section 2.5j). The work climate (see section 2.5i) has become bitingly and there is no sign of a strong corporate culture, cohesiveness or collaboration, which is ultimately create for a large fault and negative assumptions between departments.II. How will Bayonne be able to develop or improve their computerized scheduling system? Bayonnes computerized scheduling system is viewed as useless as it reflects wide of the mark teaching and assumptions about orders. This is cause for company personnel to non do their strategic roles as proficiently as possible and instead the individual departments are making their own decisions (see section 2.5g). Employees are inquiring whether or not the scheduling system renders to be practical. The schedule that is generated twice a week by the computerized scheduling system may be a starring(p) cause for Bayonne not world able to live up to their ken , mission, and objectives (see section 2.1A). The composition department is particularly concerned because as manager, Sean Quinn explains between burster orders and ganging the orders to agree the machines dethawning, he cannot afford conviction-wise to do what the patsyout says.Essentially, the schedule prefigures to employees that they make water an order that they have never seen or still have an order that is finished and got shipped. Inaccuracy may be the leading cause of Bayonne not existence able to sustain a competitive approach in terms of their patronage and functional strategies. For example, one of Bayonnes business strategies is the importance of determining antecedence of orders by computing critical ratios (see section 2.1B). In addition, this system has become a weakness to the company (see section 2.3) and is also leading to customer nurture proposition and the companys cost body structure to weaken, especially in secondary activities of the Bayonnes va lue chain (see section 2.4, crossroad R&D, Technology and Systems Development) Not only is the this system causing workers to rebuff printouts and raise frustration, it is causing for a lot of time wasted that could be used toward producing luxuriouslyer volumes of products at a level of good quality for customers.III. Given Bayonnes poor delivery performance, how can operational efficiencies be improved in terms of capacity utilization of the machines?Since Bayonnes highest volume month is October, the company has not been able to match capacity to its demand requirements also leading for insufficient allocation of option that contribute to outline execution (see section 2.5d). Evidence from the computation of machine accomplishmentiveness (see financial analysis page) indicates that the Heidelberg pressure leveles are run at 100.29% capacity, essentially making Bayonnes printing activity the bottleneck of the process. Consequently, this does not give the ability for Bayonn e to focus on its core capability of specialized packaging (see section 2.5b) nor deliver on their key performance measures (see section 2.1). In addition, poor use of capacity utilization is also reflected in Bayonnes decrease in producing good quality products.Producing quality products is essential in property customers loyal to the company and is a key success factor in this industry (see section 1.5). The Heidelberg press is slowing down subsequent activities since it can only produce a limited amount of pieces per month, which causes for adjustment the inputs that are obtainable for the Die-cut centre. Bayonnes main resource is their wide range of machines that are supposed to be operating at efficient levels (see section 2.2). These machines are valuable because they contribute to the effectiveness of the companys strategy. However, with the use of adequate capacity existence questioned may be the leading cause of poor delivery performance, which is ultimately the reaso n that Bayonne occurred a loss in their most stressful month. Discussion of alternative solutions to the issuesI. How can Bayonne strengthen communication among departments and improve overall company culture?A solution to this issue would be for Bayonne to reassess their current strategy and instill a strong corporate culture that will select employees together (see section 2.5i). Bayonne can build on what they already have in place such as the daily output meetings. This is the only chance where employees across all departments come together opposite to discuss issues. Instilling a strong corporate culture has its pros and cons. Themain advantage is that it can create a strategy supportive organizational structure that Bayonne is currently lacking score (see section 2.5c). Another advantage is that it will also allow for internal leadership to be strengthened. Having a strong leader will square off the tone and ensure everyone is working as a team. When communication is improv ed, Bayonne will be able to delivery on time because the departments will be working collaboratively rather than separately. The only negative to instilling a strong corporate culture is that it wont work unless employees equal the culture and stool it seriously and understand that it contributes to Bayonnes key performance indicators of cost, quality, speed and reliableness.II. How will Bayonne be able to develop or improve their computerized scheduling system? An alternative solution to this issue would be for Bayonne to gain adherence to the computerized system by fixing the data that is leading to inaccuracies and introduce a pre-work order jacket. Currently, the work order jacket lists the routing, standard setup and run times, special instructions and ship-to data (see section 2.4, Distribution). If management at Bayonne work toward gaining employee loyalty to this system and introducing a pre-work order jacket based on prioritization where a report would be sent to each department before they begin working on orders and when the prior departments finishes the order, the attached department would be aware of what orders are on the way within the next few days would contribute to proper strategy execution.However, there are just about pros and cons to this issue. An advantage of introducing a pre-work order jacket and gaining loyalty of the computerized system would lead to more efficient operating levels at the facility. This will lead to decreased delays, increased quality and better time management. It would enable company personnel to do their strategic roles more proficiently as well something that Bayonne is not currently acting upon (see section 2.5g). A con with this alternative would be the possibility of initial confusion of how exactly the new system would work. Also, some employees may simply be resistant to adhering to the computerized scheduling system even if it were to be fixed or question whether or not it would be practical enough to sustain high volumes.III. Given Bayonnes poor delivery performance, how can operational efficiencies be improved in terms of capacity utilization of the machines? A solution in up capacity utilization would be to make more use of the International Royal and Queen machines. Currently these machines are operating at nearly 50% capacity utilization. Since these are the fastest machines, placing important orders to them would generate higher volumes. Advantages in making these machines the main use would contribute to Bayonne excelling in their key performance indicator of speed (see section 2.1C) and improvement in functional and business strategies (see section 2.1B). The machines are only operating at 44.49% capacity utilization, which means that Bayonne is lacking in improving operational efficiencies that could drive down costs. These machines produce the most pieces at the highest speed so making use of them would be highly beneficial. The main disadvantage of this proposed al ternative is that the volume may affect hit margins of the company a concern of president Dave Rand (see section 2.4). In addition, these machines are complex and difficult to set up which could interfere with allocation of proper time management. This may result to poorer quality causing for Bayonne main strength in innovative package design to be diminished. RecommendationAccording to my analysis, Bayonne must focus on strengthening communication within the company. Bayonne has to instill a strong corporate culture and develop on internal leadership within the company. This will lead to happier more productive employees and will allow for Bayonne to build upon their organizational capabilities. In turn, strong communication will lead synchronization among the departments and employees will work as a team rather than as silos. A strong corporate culture and excellent communication will eliminate misunderstanding and frustration among departments that has been causing for Bayonne to develop a track record for late deliveries and poor quality. Ultimately, communication will be the key in Bayonnes ability to execute their strategy and excel in key performance measures that are crucial to the net incomeability in the company.Financial AnalysisOverall, Net profit margin has been declining which indicates that the company has depleting cash reserves and may have difficulty remunerative liabilities. Gross profit margin for Bayonne is declining which may indicate that fewer funds may be available for operating expenses. Due to limited financial data in the case, other profitability ratios (i.e. operating profit margin, net profit margin, return on equity, liquidity ratios (current ratio, working capital), and leverage ratios (total debt-to-asset, debt-to-equity) have not been able to be computed.It is apparent that the Heidelberg press machine is operating at full capacity and is the bottleneck of the process. This is causing for scheduled hours to go overtime. H igh-speed machines such as the international royal and the international queen (only beingness used 44.96%) are not being fully utilized to an efficient manner, which may be the cause in late delivery and poor quality.APPENDIX1. EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT1.1 PESTEL AnalysisPolitical n/aEnvironmental severe weather conditions may have a substantial effect on this industry if these conditions were to cause a delay in the transportation process of the package Something like a power outage or blackout could interrupt the unravel of the packaging process, which in turn will have an effect on sales and the customer. Sociocultural Customers to the paper packaging industry seeking to make a greater impact with promotional materials reflects the rapid growth of this industry. Fast-paced society want things delivered on time with no delays.(not being able to keep up rush-orders may affect sales). Technological advanced engineering science may cause industry profits to decline or no longer be in dispensable (e.g. migration of software sales and distribution from CDs to the internet) Economic if cost of materials (such as glue or paint) used to do the packaging were to rise orders from customers may decline (important to stay strategically priced). Legal not complying with FDA requirements (about coatings, adhesives, and liners) could have an effect of business within this industry.Overall, the macroeconomic environment of the paper packaging industry presents a few challenges. patronage limited information given in the case on external knowledge of this industry it seems that this industry has experienced booming growth. This industry may be challenged when it comes to diversifying into new markets if the dot-come bubble continues to burst and migration of software sales and distribution form CDs to internet were to increase. In order to survive, companies within the paper packaging company have to diversify into emerging markets and constantly innovate in design of the pa ckage or product.1.2 porters 5F Analysis there is no sufficient information about rivals within this industry in the case that can be applied to this framework.1.3 Driving Forces Regulatory influences and government policy changesRequirements set by the food and drug administration (FDA) can have an impact on costs, operational efficiencies and health and synthetic rubber concerns if companies within the industry do not comply with the regulations. Product and marketing innovationAdditional customer market segments have become available to this industry because of the explosive growth of software packaging and promotional material.Both these driving forces have strategic implications for competing companies in the paper packaging industry. For example, if companies within this industry do not comply with specific industry requirements then they willnot be able to run their business or go into financial debt. Also, it is important that this industry to diversify into emerging mar kets in order to compete competitively.1.4- strategic Group Map no sufficient data in the case to enshroud this framework since the case does not talk about competitors.1.5 KSFS Developing collaborative relationships with customers, who are finisher to the end consumer running(a) closely with industrial customers for companies in this industry is crucial as it has an impact on sales for the company and eventually for the industrial customer. Excelling in global sum up chain managementExcelling in operational performanceIt is important to keep track of costs going in and out of the company. For example, if cost of goods sold (COGS) takes up a high percentage of the companys sales may indicate that the company is not performing efficiently or not earning enough revenue to comfortably run the business. Effectively managing the delivery of products magical spell keeping costs minimized It is important for companies in this industry to develop a track record for constant on-time del ivery as this will reflect in the customer being loyal to the company which will drive sales.1.6 Industry Outlook overall this industry is conductive of good profitability since many industrial customers need their products to be packaged properly in order to be shiftable. It is therefore important to excel in cost, quality, speed, and dependability at a competitive level for companies within this industry.2. INTERNAL ANALYSIS2.1 How well is Bayonnes present strategy working The present strategy at Bayonne is to out-compete rivals and prioritize in four key performancemeasures, which are quality, cost, speed, and dependability. This is mainly more of an operations strategy seeing as this company is the producer of the product that the customer sells. It is important for Bayonne to deliver on quality packaging, constantly innovate all while minimizing costs and producing high volume to confront competitive.A) Vision mission and objectivesVision although there is not enough sufficie nt data that states Bayonnes vision it can be assumed that based on what is given in the case, Bayonnes vision expertness be along the lines of becoming the number one industry leader in specialty packaging by providing the outgo customer satisfaction, quality and product innovation. Mission based on what is given in the case, Bayonnes mission could be being committed to providing innovative solutions to difficult package design while excelling in cost, quality, and delivery. Objectives financial objectives at Bayonne are to keep costs down as much as possible, while still delivering on quality. Strategically, Bayonne aims to excel in their key performance measure of dependability, cost, quality and speed thats embedded in their strategy. Overall, they strive in being operationally efficient. B) Bayonnes Competitive mountBusiness StrategiesWorking closely with customers to ensure satisfaction and approval in the design on the package twist on competitive advantage by providing a dditional terminate to the package as a courtesy to the customer. Also tapping into new markets and products such as promotional material Importance of determining priority of orders by computing critical ratios (e.g. visit than 2 indicates concern for the job) Expediting the most important orders in hopes of sustaining customers loyalty to the company. Functional StrategiesEnsuring quality is met by checking deuce pieces every hour and conducting a final examination inspection Ensuring that the work-order jacket travels with the job at each department Ensuring that if a full delivery cannot be made then at least getting partials out is important When orders need to be terminate quickly, then this is done by ganging them up whenever possible. Salesmanagement department is rivet on determine aggressively to the market in order to sustain volumes.C) Key Performance IndicatorsStrategic how Bayonne is doing in terms of their key performance measures Financial/Machine Effectiveness -Quality quality control reports indicate that 6% of products were undercoat defective due to glue problems, leading to an increase in customer rejects of shipped products. Finishing department has problems in including all pieces of the product. -Cost cost of goods sold has increased, net sales have decreased from previous years, which has caused Bayonne incurring a loss in 2011. -Speed there is a lower overall speed of delivery to customers. Machines are not being fully utilized since employees are not given the opportunity to assess which orders to run on what machine. A lot of orders that are induced causes for a breakup to occur in production leading to scanty set up time for the machines. -Dependability Not doing well. Customers are aware of Bayonnes inconsistency of delivering packages on time.This is contemplative in the companys worst month October where 20% orders were late. Financially, Bayonne understands that there is a tradeoff in keeping costs down, getting good quality and hitting delivery promises. The ultimate goal is to perform financially well in all three. Bayonnes declining net profit margin may be indicative that cash reserves are depleting and they may have difficulty paying liabilities. Gross profit margins have also declined possibly indicating that raw material costs have increased and manufacturing costs have gone up. In calculating machine effectiveness, it is indicative that in the print department the Heidelberg press is the long-play of machines, which is creating a bottleneck in the process where capacity utilization is 100.29%.2.2 VRINResource Wide Range of Machines operating at efficient levels. Capability Specialized Packaging (includes innovative, difficult packaging design, and finishing touches) Is it Valuable?The machines reelect the valuable test because they contribute to theeffectiveness of Bayonnes strategy. The International Royal and International Queen are Bayonnes most important machines that contribut e to gaining operational efficiencies and added value to the customers because they operate at a high speed. Bayonnes specialized packaging capability is very valuable and highly contributes to the effectiveness of their strategy (especially in the quality area). Since this capability is competitively valuable, Bayonne applyes this test.Is it Rare?Since these are generic machines, this resource is not antiquated. It therefore does not pass the test since other packaging companies can invest in the same machines as long as they have the financial stability to do so. Not a lot of companies may take the time to closely work with customers in special and complex packaging design. Also adding in-person finishing touches is not something a lot of other paper packaging companies take the time to do. Bayonne therefore passes the rare test. Is it Inimitable?The machines are imitable therefore this resource does not pass the inimitable test since other companies can purchase the same machi nes to produce the same quality packaging. There is no uniqueness to them. Capabilities in specialized packaging design is something that other companies can copy as it is not competitively superior to possible rival companies. Bayonne does not pass the inimitable test. Is it Non-SubstitutableAlthough Bayonne may have an efficiency advantage with their machines, it does not pass this test since potential rivals can copy the same machines and produce equally good products at lower costs by locating their plants in countries where wage rates are relatively low. Potential paper packaging industry rivals may also offer specialized packaging capabilities. This means industrial customers can pick and choose with which paper packager to partner with. Therefore, Bayonne does not pass this test.Overall, this framework presents strategic implications to Bayonne indicating that their resources and capabilities are not ones that contribute to Bayonne having a competitive advantage that is sust ainable. The companysresources of machines and specialized packaging capabilities present to be competitive assets to the company and are central to Bayonnes strategy. However, by not passing the last two tests of this analysis is indicative that Bayonne may be prone to imitative attempts and efforts from potential rivals.2.3 SWOT Analysis Strengths Working closely with customers Aggressively entering into new markets Innovative and difficult package design Ability to faithful and glue complex blanks Ability to price aggressively Well managed scheduling in Composition department in terms of being rarely out of stock and re-stocking quickly. Use of High-speed machines help keep volumes high Consistent performance from Maintenance team in running inspections and fixing something even out extraneous if it breaks down. Weaknesses Complaints from customers about quality (concentrated in Fold&Glue) leading to defective products Developing a bad reputation for late delivery time, which is also causing customers to lose trust in the company Mismanagement and communication problems between departments inevitably causing orders to run late (threats coming from heads of other departments, no synchronization) Computerized scheduling system appears useless as it conflicts with time management of rush orders Some machines run slow despite being fast to set up (e.g. Staudes) Data reported through the shop floor computer terminals is inaccurateOpportunities Diversifying into emerging markets and taking on new types of customers. Prospective money to be made in Manhattan in terms of promotional material which can lead to gaining more customers Threats Possibility of receiving safety concerns for not complying with FDA requirements leading to overall increased costs.2.4 Value Chain Analysis are the companys cost structure and customer value proposition competitive? Primary activitiesSupply chain management from the limited information provided in the case, there is not muc h that can be said about Bayonnes supply chain management. The most relevant fact is that Bayonnes supplier is International Paper that helps keep the composition department stocked with the necessary materials that are used to make the products. In terms of costs in this area, according to Bayonnes income statement the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) significantly increased from 83.2% in September 2011 to 90.7% in October 2011. Since October is also the month in which Bayonne occurred a loss of $365,694 is indicative that the company is not performing well on the cost performing measure. Operations Bayonne places high value in executing their operations strategy since they are responsible for producing the product itself at their facilities. The goal is to keep margins low while getting the volume.The flow of order through the production department is a system relevant to Bayonne executing their strategy. Quality federal agency activities are performed at Bayonne where there are two in spectors on each shift covering the Composition, sheet, print and Die-cut, Fold&Glue, and Finishing departments as well as inspecting the shipping dock. The inspectors check the machines every hour during the production run and a final inspection is performed before the product gets shipped out. Distribution In order to keep track of the products that Bayonne produces, heavy reliance is held in their Work Order Jacket. For example, before shipping the finished product to the industrial customer, quality control managers check the product against proof in the work order jacket. The jacket lists routing, standard setup and run times, special instructions, and ship-to-information. It also held the customers signed proof along with samples signed by operators, supervisors, and QC at each level. Distributing finished products to customers on time is highly important to Bayonne not losing customers however data shows that in the month of October 2011, they were late more than 20% of the t ime causing customers to lose trust and expedite orders.Sales and Marketing although there is not enough information to indicate what Bayonnes costs, activities, and assets related to sales force efforts are the products that Bayonne produces directlyimpact the end customer. For example, industrial customers who place large orders with Bayonne and pay a high price per piece place high expectations that Bayonne deliver the product on time in correspondence to say, a promotional campaign that they are launching on a specific date. Its seems that sales management at Bayonne is not evolution a good track record for on time delivery because of miscommunication going on between the departments. Also, sales management places high relevance on price aggressively to the market, which may conflict with profit margins of the company. Service Bayonne provides all necessary services such as design assistance and final delivery of the package. It is important for the company to gain customer ap proval when developing artwork and package design as it directly affects profitability. This is why the sales force at Bayonne whole kit closely with the customers showing that the company respects the important decisions that they make since these customers are the ones that make the product sell to end consumers. Profit Margin President Dave Rand complains about margins, but not about volume.Secondary ActivitiesProduct R&D, Technology, and Systems Development Bayonnes strength is in innovative and difficult package design and their ability to fold and glue complex blanks. In order to remain innovative and keep volumes high the company uses high-speed machines such as the International Royal and International Queen. Bayonne also uses a computerized scheduling system, which add up the standard set up and run hours for every order released to the plant and schedules order by priority. However, the use of the computerized scheduling system is having a negative effect in terms of orde r processing. benevolent Resources Management Since Bayonne is mainly a family run business, there are no real HR sends in place. Employees essentially work on a do what it takes system and there are no training procedures. General administration n/a2.5- Ten Managerial Tasks of the Strategy Execution Process a) Staffing the arrangementBayonne Packaging began as family business and later grew into a larger organization. However, the lack of cross-functional communication may beindicative that no proper training is realized as the departments work as silos rather than one unified organization. Bayonne recognizes the importance of good upper management seeing as the old VP of operations was blast and replaced by John Milliken who has a background in general manufacturing and seems to exhibit traits of a valuable and dexterous employee. Since Bayonne incurred a loss in 2011 this may reflect on the fact that management is weak, and employees may not be valued as important assets tha t tie directly to strategy execution and gaining of competitive advantage. b) Building on Organizational CapabilitiesBayonnes ability to manage people to gain competitive advantage is lacking. by dint of internal development, Bayonne can build on their scheduling capability. Since each department works in a separate manner, there is no synchronization, which interferes with orders being successfully completed. Second, Bayonnes capabilities in specialized packaging can also be improved through internal development by having managers at the company set an objective to develop this capability and organize activity around it. Bayonne is able to differentiate themselves by possessing strength in innovation and difficult packaging design (i.e. working closely with customers in the design and adding personal touches in the finishing department) but lack of collaboration and communication in the company have resulted in operational deficiencies. c) Creating a Strategy -Supportive Organizat ional Structure Bayonne is not properly organizing work efforts in a strategy supportive fashion.In order to excel in the key performance measures of cost, quality, speed and dependability embedded in their strategy they may have to reassess operational activities. A strong management team has to be built within the company in order to assess which value chain activities, for example, should be performed internally and which ones should be outsourced. Currently at Bayonne their organizational structure is not aligning with their strategy in part due to communication problems. Also, there seems to be no delegating of authority or facilitation of necessary collaboration and coordination with external partners and strategic allies. d) Allocating Sufficient Resources to Strategic ExecutionBayonne is not operating as cost-effectively as possible. Although salesmanagement may be pricing aggressively to customers by offering a high price per piece this indirectly affects profit margins a t the company. Bayonne is not using their resources (i.e. their machines) in an efficient manner. e) Instituting policies and procedures that drive strategy execution activities There are currently no policies in place at Bayonne, which may hinder good strategy execution. The work climate is not one that facilitates good strategy execution employees are unnecessarily being yelled at, and pressured to run orders in short notice of receiving them. Bayonnes procedure for preventing or finding defects is signing off the first good piece the operator runs and then recording it in the Work Order Jacket. However, this shows a degree of carelessness in ensuring good quality as often there is a possibility for more than only one piece being defective.Excelling in cost, quality, speed, and dependability is being compromised by lack of communication and coordination among employees when they disagree on acceptable partials and make up their own rule of thumb that is not in sync with the goals of other departments. f) Adopting best practice and business processes that drive strategy execution activities Bayonne has not adopted any benchmarking methods that would help in implementing best practices. The only common practice at Bayonne is in recognizing revenue when its billed the customer, and billing when the product is shipped. In October 2011, Bayonne was late with their deliveries more than 20% of the time, compared to 2009 with only 5%. This is affecting Bayonnes ability to excel in the dependability aspect of their strategy also since customers are aware of this and consequently move up their orders g) lay info and operating systems that enable company personnel to do their strategic roles proficiently The computerized scheduling system at Bayonne is weakening their organizational capabilities.Many employees find the scheduling system to be useless, as the printouts do not accurately reflect what has been finished and what needs to be started. Lack of accuracy and t imely information about daily operations does not allow for managers to gauge how well the company is executing their strategy. h) tying rewards and incentives directly to the achievement of strategic and financial targets There is currently no reward system in place at Bayonne. This causes for lack of motivation and engagement among staff. Employees are neglected and not encouraged for their spartan work asmanagers are only focusing on expediting orders by getting them authorized by Dave Rand. i) Instilling a corporate culture that promotes good strategy and execution There is no corporate culture in place at Bayonne. The work environment is not strong or positive. Miscommunication leads to misunderstanding among employees and even screaming. Managers are not properly guiding employees in the right direction of how to do things right and doing the right thing instead they are focused on their own goals in mind.For example, Wascov only focused on pricing aggressively to the marke t and expediting orders causing for other departments to rush orders and compromise quality which leads to the vacate customers) No commonly held convictions in place of how the companys business is to be conducted instead, departments make up their own separate rules leading to incisiveness across the board. j) Exercising the internal leadership needed to run strategy implementation forward There is no strong internal leadership in place at Bayonne resulting in lack of synergy between the departments. This is why new VP of Operations Milliken has been put in place. He seems to be staying on top of what is happening by touring the factory and asking relevant questions to department managers in aim of propelling strategy implementation forward. Neil Rand (Dave Rands uncle) is not exhibiting traits of a proper executive director for Bayonne. Although he does whatever it takes to eliminate work order delays, he does this by randomly showing up and neglecting other important orders. This leads to requests for earlier finishing dates and inevitably leading to an increase in late orders.2.6 Strategic Issues1.How can Bayonne strengthen communication among departments and improve overall company culture? Miscommunication seems to be occurring across different departments, which may be the cause of the increase in late deliveries in October. Lack of company culture may also be the cause in synergy and good energy within the company. 2.How will Bayonne be able to develop or improve their computerized scheduling system? This current system is causing for many inaccuracies, which leads to orders to be expedited. Lack of proper data that the system is generating is causing for unnecessary frustration among employees and quality is being compromised. 3.Given Bayonnes poor delivery performance, how can operational efficiencies beimproved in terms of capacity utilization of the machines? It seems that the Heidelberg press machine is the bottleneck of the process as it is operating at full capacity, but it is unable to cope with variability in customer orders. Some machines are not being fully utilized which affects Bayonnes performance measures in speed and dependability