Analysis Of J. Cole s The Album 2014 Forest Hill Drive...

J. Cole released his album 2014 Forest Hill Drive on December 9, 2014 without any features, media marketing, or promotions (Berry). This album became significant within the music industry because of how far it strays from the lyrical composition of popular rap artists of today. Majority of rap artists in the 2000’s rely heavily on commercial producers and multiple artist features to promote the popularity of their album. Rappers often do not stray far from crude, sexual and misogynistic lyrics just to gain fame and cash flow for their label. As a hip-hop artist, J. Cole manages to gain more success than any rap album with no features. J. Cole writes an honest, and nostalgic album that speaks further into his thoughts on current social issues and his personal life story. He shines a light on his insecurities and gets his audience to feel a special connection with him as an artist. J. Cole managed to create the only album in rap and hip-hop history to go platinum without any fea tures while transcending development of pop culture within the rap industry. Hip-Hop developed as an urban underground movement during the 1970’s in South Bronx, New York and â€Å"when this subculture first surfaced, the terms hip-hop and rap music were used interchangeably† (Ralph). Since the beginning of the genres, majority of music enthusiasts felt more connected to rap, and it gained commercial popularity more rapidly. Hip-hop remained underground, and artists like J. Cole were hardly recognized byShow MoreRelatedMasculinity In Hip-Hop Analysis2066 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Masculinity in the Hip-Hop culture has been redefined repetitively as the genre grows in popularity. Created in the late 70’s, Hip-Hop was started as an outlet for residents of urban communities to express them and have fun through the music. As Hip-Hop grew into the 80’s and 90’ the genre also evolved as the artist began to voice what was going on in their day to day lives and in their communities; Hip -hop became a form of storytelling. Being that a lot of Hip-Hop artist had streetRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc ., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Internet Compromising Personal Privacy Essay - 1901 Words

A part of the American dream for a lot of people is the right to have privacy. Americans are constantly worrying about the Government taking away personal the personal privacy of citizens. But people may not realize that in society today a person’s privacy is tested when it comes to using the Internet. Although the Internet can be fun and is convenient in many ways, there are many dangers associated with it. Including, but not limited to, Spyware affecting a person’s computer, the threat of credit card theft, the dangers of uploading personal photos onto the Internet, and also the dangers of putting personal information on a social networking site. These actions can cause a person’s personal information to be stolen, money can also be†¦show more content†¦Of the computer crashing reported to Microsoft, it is said that half are due to Spyware (Shukla and Nah 85). There are six categories of common Spyware. These categories are adware, browser changer, browser plug-in, bundleware, keylogger, and dialer. Each of these categories pose different risks (Shukla and Nah 86). Adware presents the Internet user with ads and when these ads are clicked on the program tracks personal information through data mining. In this case, data mining is tracking what a user clicks on or types into the computer and detecting trends in the items he/she looks at to decide the types of things the user is interested in (Shukla and Nah 86). Browser changers change the settings on a person’s Internet browser. Usually it is changed to a page with a multiple ads which a user can click on. Many of these ads may be adware. This is where the danger level increases because now there are two Spyware programs working together. The third common Spyware type is a browser plug-in. These appear to the user to be a search engine. Luckily, not all browser plug-ins are dangerou s. But if one is downloaded to a computer and it is dangerous, it is difficult to remove. Bundleware is another form of Spyware. Bundleware tries to trick a person into downloading it in a sneaky way. When a user tries to open a web page, bundleware will have a notice pop up saying somethingShow MoreRelatedInternet And The World Wide Web990 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Privacy The term Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) are words that not only are familiar to people all over the globe but their technology is ubiquitous. Aside from the availability of the Internet, several spin-off technologies have been possible such as mobile Internet service via the mobile telephone, PDA or even â€Å"netbooks† – those subnotebooks that are small-sized, low-cost and lightweight optimized for mobile Internet access and core computing functions. No doubt, it is difficultRead MoreControversy of Privacy and the Internet1117 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Privacy is dead – get over it†, according to Steve Rambam, a privacy investigator who specializes in Internet privacy cases, this is how he considers privacy to be in today’s society. He is just another entity living in the midst of a high technology society to whom privacy seems to be dead when reaching the Internet. With all the traffic on the Internet, the risk of private information fal ling into the wrong hands is excessive, and with all the advances in computer technology the rate of privacyRead MoreModern Technology, the Unseen Dangers Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pages, but as technology advances, our privacy continues to decrease without most people even realizing it. Cell Phones, everyone knows what a cell phone is, whether you own one or not. If you’re not very familiar with cell phones you might only know them as a portable version of your home telephone, but most people familiar with cell phones know that most manufactured in the last few years can be used to text or send typed messages to people, browse the internet, play games, listen to music, watchRead MoreFacebook Is The Leading Social Media Network1180 Words   |  5 Pagessuggested Facebook largely caters to educated users. A Pew Internet and American Life Project report found the educational distribution of Facebook users to be as follows: pre high school 5 percent, high school 26 percent, trade school or some college 34 percent, bachelor degree 20 percent, and graduate school 15 percent. Despite majority of its users being educated, most Facebook users are complacent towards issues of privacy or the risks of internet usage in general. In 2005, serious flaws in Facebookâ€⠄¢sRead MoreEssay on Privacy on the Internet1281 Words   |  6 PagesPrivacy is mentioned in the Bill of Rights, but in which amendment does privacy on the Internet fall. In the website â€Å"The Right of Privacy† it says that â€Å"The U.S. Constitution contains no express right to privacy† (n. pag.). Freedom of religion is given to us in the First Amendment. The Fourth Amendment protects you from searches and seizures unless the officials possess a warrant. The Fifth Amendment gives us the right to interpret the first eight amendments in ways that can protect the people.Read MoreThe New York : Legal Resources Organization Points Out1676 Words   |  7 Pagesout, While the sharing of social media may help us feel closer with family and friends†¦, social media can create a number of problems too†(â€Å"Privacy Laws and Social Media Sites† 1). Is that defunct Myspace page no one has visited in years really a part of the past? Or is that old instant messaging account where hours, maybe even weeks or months of personal information was given out really gone just because the account was deleted? In the short answer, yes they are, but also no they are not. ThoseRead MoreComputer Crimes And Its Effect On Our Individual Privacy1377 Words   |  6 Pagescomputers are used in several different roles of criminal activity and it affects our individual privacy. For example, criminals normally target computer networks or devices such as computer viruses identify theft, scams, terrorism, and copyright infringement. Today, the three of most common computer crimes are information security systems, social networking and copyright infringement. Unfortunately, the internet has impacted upon criminal and/or harmful activity in three main ways-this is after discountingRead MoreSecurity of the Database System1236 Words   |  5 Pagesencapsulating the constructs of a database Management system (DBMS), data model as well as database. And a databas e is described as an organized pool of logically-related data. There are issues related to database system such as security, legal, ethical and privacy issues. Database information can be leaked in different ways. One of them being SQL injection which involves sending unexpected data to a web server making it interact with the database. The data is capable of being sent in different methods afterRead MoreA Short Note On Anti Internet Surveillance Speech894 Words   |  4 Pages2016 Anti-Internet Surveillance Speech There is a massive amount of videos online devoted to an experience that most of you have probably experienced; it is an experience where a person, thinking they are alone, engages in some expressive behavior, such as dancing or singing, only to discover that they are not alone, that there is someone watching them. This discovery often causes them to immediately stop what they are doing and recoil in shame and embarrassment, the sense of privacy that allowedRead MoreHow the Growth of Electronic Monitoring Has Changed Employee Expectations of Privacy in the Workplace1151 Words   |  5 Pagesthe internet for personal pursuits in the workplace has seen phenomenal growth over the last quarter century. Along with this growth, employers and employees alike have used the internet as a tool to increase profit, manage time and facilitate communications. However, such technological advancement has its issues. The problem investigated is how the growth of electronic monitoring has change d employee expectations of privacy in the workplace. Should employees be able to use the internet for

Premature Death From Poor Nutrition Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Healthful dietetic wonts incorporate a scope of qualities, including: fiber and fatty acid content ; glycemic burden ; sodium-potassium ratios ; micronutrient denseness ; macronutrient composing and acid-base balance ( Prentice A ; Jebb, 2003 ) . However, this paper will concentrate on one of the most generic and dramatic deductions of hapless diet: adiposeness. In the UK, gyrating fleshiness rates have been deemed of epidemic proportions, with one analysis proposing 60 % of the grownup population could be obese by 2050 ( Foresight, 2007 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Premature Death From Poor Nutrition Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In add-on to the degree of human wretchedness such figures represent, the projected fiscal load is significant ; a possible ?10 billion one-year cost for the NHS ( McPherson et al. , 2007 ) and ?49.9 billion for the UK economic system ( McCormack A ; Stone, 2007 ) . As a ‘system ‘ , the determiners of fleshiness are embedded in biological and societal models of considerable complexness, intending any sustainable response must be comprehensive and well-considered. This paper considers two challenges presently confronting wellness psychological science in its enterprise to heighten the state ‘s dietetic quality: our ‘obesogenic ‘ society and the grasp of incorporate remedial schemes. â€Å" An Obesogenic Society † In 2007, the psychologist Susan Jebb famously ( and provokingly ) declared that such is the construction of modern life styles, it is less surprising that so many persons are overweight, than that so many manage to stay thin. Fleshiness, she concluded, was an inevitable result of a civilization in which sedentary work, inexpensive energy-dense nutrient, mechanised conveyance and labour-saving devices were omnipresent. The belief that fleshiness is a consequence of private over-indulgence is a prevailing one, and has formed the footing of a scope of enterprises aimed at educating and actuating single behavior alteration ( e.g. , Bathrellou et al. , 2010 ; Murawski et al. , 2009 ; NHS, 2009 ) . However, despite decennaries of dietetic counsel there has been merely minimum betterment in footings of meeting recommended energy and alimentary ingestion ( Krebs-Smith et al. , 2010 ) , whereas healthy eating intercessions derived from psychological rules and behavioral alteration theoretical accounts have non proven peculiarly effectual for bring oning lasting and meaningful alteration ( e.g. , Shepherd et al. , 2006 ; Lytle, 2009 ; Procter et al. , 2008 ) . It would hence look that exhortations for greater single self-denial and duty – so, engaging war on healthy feeding ( and fleshiness ) as â€Å" a moral undertaking † ( Thosby, 2009, p.201 ) – does non look to be sufficient for configuring better dietetic wonts. Therefore one important challenge for wellness psychological science appears to lie in advancing healthful nutrient consumption in an environment which, through its conditions and chances, is structured to advance fleshiness ( Lake A ; Townshend, 2006 ) . Possible campaigners in this case include obesogenic advertisement and selling patterns ( Lobstein A ; Dibb, 2005 ) ; arrangement and exposure of fast-food mercantile establishments ( Hemphill et al. , 2008 ) ; the prevalence of low-cost, energy-dense nutrient compared to the comparative disbursal of fruit and veggies ( Jones, 2008 ) ; and post- and pre-natal conditions, such as suited maternal nutrition, breast-feeding, healthy ablactation patterns, which are associated with decreased hazard of grownup adiposeness ( Barker, 2007 ; Skidmore et al. , 2009 ; Singhal A ; Lanigan, 2008 ) . Planned publicity of healthful eating therefore requires both an apprehension of these structural correlatives, and a transportation of attending from stray individual-level enterprises to the environmental determiners of weight-related nutrient pick and eating behavior. For illustration, the ANGELO model ( Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity ; Swinburn et al. , 1999 ) is a conceptual theoretical account for defining obesogenicity, and prioritizing cardinal elements for research and intercession ( e.g. , sociocultural, physical, political, economic ) at both the population degree ( community-wide ) or the setting degree ( fast-food mercantile establishments ) . Similarly, Lytle ( 2009 ) advocates psychometric appraisal of the ‘food environment ‘ within workplaces, schools and communities in order to place features that are either ‘leptogenic ‘ ( advancing meagerness ) or obesogenic. Such flexible, robust steps of micro-physical and sociocultural influences are a important facet of incorporating the personal and environmental correlatives of obesogenic nutrient ingestion, and explicating su ited entree points for intercession ( Brug et al. , 2006 ) . As stated antecedently, individualistic prescriptions to anneal nutrient consumption against energy outgo have non succeeded at the population degree. Policies to reenforce and enable healthy behavior may hence be most efficaciously implemented at multiple degrees. In the instance of breastfeeding, this might include single enterprises ( e.g. , peer-support groups ; Hoddinott et al. , 2009 ) ; local degree schemes ( e.g. , hospital policies for back uping and educating female parents ; Hannula, 2008 ) ; and national intercessions ( e.g. , entitlement to suckle in public ; Cattaneo et al. , 2005 ) . Similarly, psychologists must complement targeted intervention intercessions ( e.g. , initiatives to promote/sustain weight-loss ) with population-level preventive steps ( e.g. , curtailing exposure to obesogenic diets ) . In add-on, intercessions that impact at assorted degrees, but to a cumulative and changing extent, may besides be good ( Foresight, 2007 ) . For illustration, supplying alimentary school repasts ( a focused enterprise ) can be augmented by educative schemes to heighten cognition and consciousness of healthful diet ( an enabler ) , hence supplying coherent, dependable wellness messages ( an amplifier ) . Public wellness runs that are supported and maintained by such environmental alterations may besides assist debar unhealthy dietetic wonts from reoccurring ( Maio et al. , 2007 ) . Integrated Schemes Amending the state ‘s dietetic imposts creates complicated dilemmas associating to economic and societal policies in nutrient production and retail, instruction, health care and even civilization itself ( Foresight, 2007 ; Ogilvie A ; Hamlet, 2005 ) . As such, a system-wide attack is required which incorporates an inclusive, complementary repertory of intercessions ; something that will be facilitated by greater coaction between psychologists and other stakeholders ( Jebb et al. , 2007 ) . At present, there are deficient schemes for heightening public nutrition that are concerted, integrated and engage multiple bureaus ( Lang A ; Rayner, 2007 ; Martin-Bautista et al. , 2009 ; Matthews et al. , 2009 ) . Yet such is the complexness of the issue, that implementing and prolonging meaningful betterment will about surely necessitate joint-working between scientists, the nutrient industry, policy shapers, the media and local communities. An of import principle for non marginalising multi-disciplinary attacks is that the multiple determiners of hapless diet do non back up the usage of stray, disconnected redress schemes to bring on widespread alteration. For illustration, ingestion of unsanitary diets has been partially ‘normalised ‘ through factors like cheaper nutrient ( which can increase how much is eaten ) , greater pick, a heightened desire for convenience nutrient, and the usage of energy-dense repasts as short-run comfort/reward ( Wardle, 2007 ) . Furthermore, ambivalency is a cardinal factor in unsanitary feeding ( i.e. , disagreement between the desire for toothsome, high-fat nutrients and the want to be healthy and/or tilt ) , intending that single duty and decision-making in response to wellness messages can be compromised ( Jones, 2008 ) . Taken together, this suggests that a consistent, coordinated response between different stakeholders may assist relocate the accent on behaviour alteration as a corporate concern, by aiming scenes in which single behavior is enacted. An incorporate scheme for bettering diet might include engaged, strategic and multidisciplinary partnerships between psychologists, wellness professionals, authorities representatives and consumer groups in order to ease efficient transportation of evidence-based intercessions to real-world applications ( NICE, 2006 ) . Collaboration can be seen as â€Å" the coming together of diverse involvements and people to accomplish a common intent via interactionsaˆÂ ¦and coordination of activities † ( Jassawalla A ; Sashittal, 1998, p.239 ) , and is an of import necessity for intermixing scientific discipline and policy through enhanced information-sharing, specifying shared visions of jobs and precedences, formulating/disseminating dietetic enterprises utilizing accessible methods and appropriate stuffs for practician demands, and planing meaningful research inquiries. This is peculiarly pertinent given that dietetic sweetening presents a figure of importunate methodological ch allenges, for illustration: accurate appraisal of determiners and correlatives ; the demand for suited definitions ; the relevancy of longitudinal, population-based surveies ; and the function of human behavior, beliefs and values, and how these mechanisms instigate and maintain alteration. These elaboratenesss mean divergency and incompatibility can originate between psychologists seeking to polish and revise theories, and the more immediate, practical demand of practicians seeking information on which to develop intercessions. Bettering assurance and communicating between psychologists and other bureaus may therefore assist prudent planning, execution, and rating. For illustration, psychological analysis has highlighted the deduction for wellness inequalities of statute law to revenue enhancement fat content of nutrient merchandises, in that it may diminish available income and inducements for healthier nutrients amongst lower socioeconomic groups ( e.g. , Caraher A ; Cowburn, 20 05 ; Powell A ; Chaloupka, 2009 ) , whereas other research workers have assessed the impact, feasibleness, and cost-effectiveness of pecuniary inducements to modify dietetic behavior ( Wall et al. , 2006 ) . As noted by the Foresight Report ( 2007, p.122 ) â€Å" [ A co-ordinated response ] would enable maximal benefit to be realised from this important degree of energy and resources. Working in partnership with multiple stakeholders to advance the wellness of the state is critical to success. † Decisions It is improbable that the current prevalence of hapless nutrition ( and its attendant wellness effects ) will come to a natural terminal without sustained, long-run intercessions that invest clip and resources into set uping new patterns and constructions to back up healthful diets. One realistic chance in this enterprise is a conjunct attempt to both devolve focal point from ( I ) single self-denial towards social values and precedences and ( two ) defying patchy, short-run intercessions that do non run in a multi-level, multi-sector mode. Establishing enhanced dietetic quality at the population-level is a complex challenge, but non an indissoluble 1. With sufficient imaginativeness, committedness, and vision, preparations and schemes to better public wellness may be continuously developed and delivered in a mode that reflects the best available pattern, policy, and wellness scientific discipline. How to cite Premature Death From Poor Nutrition Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Actions and Behavior of the President Essay Example For Students

Actions and Behavior of the President Essay The broad language of the second article of the Constitution left manyquestions about the power and authority of the President and the Executivebranch of the Federal Government. Since George Washington, each Chief Executivehas come to the position with different beliefs on the responsibility and powerof the President. However the performance of the president is often shaped byoutside factors which control how he must act as a Chief Executive. Thebehavior of presidents come from a number of different criteria. A presidentspersonal character, his approach to the position and circumstances during histerm all contribute to presidential behavior. Presidents have approached the office from two vague positions. Theyhave believed, to varying degrees, that either the president has a strongleadership position and broad powers to direct the nation in one direction, orthat the president has very limited powers dictated by the Constitution andshould act like a chief administrator for the Federal Government. These beliefswere reflected in their behavior while in the White House. Franklin Rooseveltbelieved that the Federal Government had an obligation and interest in bringingthe nation out of the depression. In order to do this he initiated a number ofagencies and projects to employ people. In the first Hundred Days ofRoosevelts first term he initiated a number of programs which increased thesize of the Federal Government and the power of the President. He did all thathe could to see that his proposals were put into place. This included a failedcourt packing scheme to have a more friendly Supreme Court to find his programsconstitutiona l (Lowi and Ginsberg230.) In contrast to this belief in broad presidential authority by FranklinRoosevelt was Howard Taft. Taft believed that Presidential authority was verylimited the constitution and had to be specifically granted to the President byCongress or the Constitution (Lowi and Ginsberg 220.) Another example of apassive approach to the presidency to is George Washington. While he is oftenseen as a very influential president, his position as the first Presidentrequire that he had to set many standards. In fact President Washington hopedthat the presidency would not be dominate. In his inaugural address he arguedfor a strong legislature which he received (Lowi and Ginsburg 227.) However,personal beliefs on the role of the president have been minor in the behavior ofa President. When required all Presidents have assumed power to quickly dealwith a situation. A Presidents personality and beliefs are also a factor in determininghis actions as a President. Barber argues that a persons personality is shapedby his character, world view, and style all of which are established atdifferent times in his life. He argues that a persons character is establishedearly in life, world view is shaped adolescence, and style in early adulthood. These broad areas of personality come together to establish a style ofleadership and presidential character. Barber goes on to establish fourcategories of Presidential Character which are; active-positive, active-negative,passive-positive, passive-negative. Jefferson was clearly an active-positivepresident who was proactive and enjoyed the power which he had. Barberexplains this by his Enlightenment education and good humor. Adams would fitinto his category of active-negative presidents who had a strong work ethic (aresult of his Puritan heritage) but a harsh disposition. Madison can be fitinto the place of passive-positive. He bowed to political pressure, but enjoyedhis position because of his past in framing and support for the Constitution. Finally a passive-negative president would be President Washington who was moreor less forced into the office. He hoped for stability in the new governmentand allowed others to take an active role in forming the institutions of thegovernment. His military background and obligation to perform community serviceexplain this approach to community service (Woll 291-300.)While Barber issuccessful is placing presidents into these categories, he gives very vagueexamples of character which explain their behavior as a president. It would bedifficult to successfully predict how future presidents would fit into hiscategories and they are too broad to explain behavior of presidents. .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 , .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .postImageUrl , .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 , .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075:hover , .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075:visited , .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075:active { border:0!important; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075:active , .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075 .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u29270ba7e2b40ffde3a8a9129d834075:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lincolns Journey to Emancipation EssayPresidential behavior can also be seen in historical terms that thestature and power of the president has increased with the growth of the FederalGovernment. Since the early twentieth century through the present day theFederal Government has grown in scope and size with almost each President. Thisis also true with the United States in the area of international relations. Presidents in the last century have taken a much larger part in legislatureleadership because of the nature of their election process. Presidents such asReagan and Clinton ran on specific programs which they would implement. Reaganacted in an active legislative way by proposing a tax cut and increased militaryspending, both of which he achieved. Clinton tried to accomplish health carereform as well as welfare reform. Both of these types of legislative leadershipwere different from the actions of Madison who was viewed as a chief clerk(Lowi and Ginsburg 228.) Since Franklin Roosevelt the Federal Government hasprovided a wide array of services and regulations for the American public. Thishas resulted in a growth of the executive branch. The President has had toincrease his role in developing policy as leader of the executive branch. Thegrowth of the United States into a global power has also changed the behavior ofthe President. His almost complete control over foreign policy has made him themost powerful diplomat in the world. This explanation, however, only shows thedifference in the character of the office of the presidency in the past century. How each individual president fits into this pattern is left unexplained. The most important consideration in explaining presidential behavior isoutside circumstances and events. The nature of the office is for the presidentto be a reactionary on many different fronts. For the most part the legislationthat the president proposes is in response to a problem or concern by the publicor the media. The president must react to international events which may effectAmerican interests. Presidents who want to take a proactive approach toproblems are often bogged down with problems which derail their plans. President Kennedy was forced to devote most of his time to Cold War issuesduring his presidency than domestic affairs because he found himself in powerduring two of the biggest events of the Cold War. The failed Bay of PigsInvasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis forced Kennedy away from domestic issueswhich he promised to tackle. Hoovers presidency was completely derailedbecause of the depression. Lincoln focused himself completely at the task ofkeeping the Union, even if this meant blatant violations of civil liberties. While circumstances may dictate what a President must deal with, it does notnecessarily explain how he comes to a position on issues and deals with problems. The behavior of a President can only be explained as a combination ofmany factors. His personal politics and approach to the power of the Presidencywill explain if he will try to lead the whole government and beyond that thewhole nation, or if he will act as a clerk, putting into action the orders ofCongress. A Presidents character and style of leadership are an importantfactor in his approach to leadership. The size and duty of the FederalGovernment also effect a Presidents behavior and the priorities of his office. Finally a President must react to events at home and abroad which are out of hiscontrol. The pressures that these events and the public reaction to themprobably have the greatest influence over his behavior and decisions. Actions and behavior of a President are the result of a complex set ofcircumstances. No one criteria can be used to explain the behavior of thepresident in any event. Explaining actions on the basis of one criteria isfutile and should be reserved to talk radio hosts. Category: History